MPPM Theses and Dissertations
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- ItemA Qualitative examination of factors affecting the retention of doctors at the Kenyatta National Referral Hospital in Kenya(Strathmore University, 2023) Robai, C.Globally, governments struggle with providing quality, affordable healthcare to achieve Universal Healthcare Coverage (UHC). The World Health Organization (WHO) asserts that motivation and retention of healthcare personnel, including doctors, is essential for achieving UHC. Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) the largest referral hospital in Kenya offers specialised services but experiences shortages of various specialists and attributes this to high turnover due to the hospital's unattractive service model and poor working conditions in light of the lengthy training periods to acquire the necessary skills to provide such specialized healthcare. Therefore, there is a need to establish how to make the most of this rare resource, including how to work on the retention of doctors. This study is anchored on Herzberg's Two Factor Theory which argues that individuals are interested at two different areas of motivation. The study was based on Adam’s equity theory and Hezberg’s two-factor theory. An explorative qualitative study was conducted. In-depth interview was conducted among 24 doctors. Qualitative data was thematically analysed. The results showed that financial incentives affected their performance hence motivated them to stay. Financial incentives played a role on the decision to quit employment and recommended on the need to employ the contract doctors on permanent and pensionable terms. Career advancement opportunities were available for doctors employed on permanent and pensionable terms but not for medical officers on contractual terms of employment. This was a demotivating factor for the medical officers, increasing their turnover rates. Further, findings revealed that a good working condition at KNH a good working conditions at KNH was considered as one with good leadership, well structured shifts, availability of consumables, good equipment, positive culture and a good system. The working conditions had a huge effect on the motivation of doctors, retention and service delivery. All these conditions would enhance their retention in the hospital.
- ItemAn Analysis of factors affecting Public-Private-Dialogue(PPD) in Kenya(Strathmore University, 2019) Aden, Abdikarim DaudThrough the public-private-dialogue (PPD) process, the Kenyan government has over some years now placed more emphasis on public-private-partnerships (PPPs) in an endeavour to realize its development agenda. However, several operational, strategy and policy challenges affect the PPD process in Kenya. Literature reviewed pointed out that the private sector's relationship with government is in some cases viewed skeptically as one that is driven by political pressure from the ruling elite and prominent personalities in government. This study sought to analyze the factors that affect the success of the PPD process in Kenya, by reviewing the PPD Charter of Good Practice (20 15) as the main empirical literature source. The researcher identified six (6) key factors that contribute to the success of PPD. This include the existence of an open governance process; an appropriate structure that facilitates wide representation and participation of a wide array of stakeholders; the achievement of quality outputs; an outreach and communications strategy; a monitoring and evaluation framework and a sustainability mechanism. Data collection was achieved by conducting interviews with 15 key informants (8 from public sector and 7 from private sector) that were purposively selected, based on their experience and knowledge of the PPD process within the Kenyan context, and on their willingness to participate in the study. The study reaffirmed that the PPD process is essential for spurring national development, employment creation and mitigating poverty levels. However, the PPD process in Kenya has not been optimally structured to reap the full benefits from the process. The recommendations made were that the government should become more open and approachable to the private sector to avoid the purpose of the PPD process being hijacked by a powerful elitist group. The process should be more inclusive in terms of representation and participation; there should be independent evaluation of PPD/PPP projects to assess their quality and outcomes; enhance information sharing amongst stakeholders and that the government should marshal more resources in support of the process for it to be sustainable in future. Considering that this was a qualitative study, the researcher recommends that a quantitative study be done to establish the extent to which these key factors affect the success of the PPD process in Kenya. Further studies should also be done to analyze key factors influencing the choice of PPP projects in light of the PPD process, with reference to international best practices.
- ItemAn Assessment of the impact of the Integrated National Transport Policy in the road sector within Nairobi County(Strathmore University, 2019) Adhiambo, Evelyn Maureen"Moving a working Nation" was the driving theme in the formulation and implementation of the Integrated National Transport Policy, 2009. The policy document identified several challenges which were, inhibitors in the sector from performing its role with respect to National, Regional, and international integration. Some of these challenges included inadequate infrastructural development and maintenance, insufficient funding, and gaps in the legal, institutional, and regulatory framework for the sector. The policy document subsequently provided policy solutions for each sector with a view to addressing the said challenges. This study investigated the impact of the Integrated National Transport Policy in the road sector within Nairobi County from 2010 to 2015. This was done by identifying impacts on implementation by assessing the policy overlaps, policy gaps, and system and institutional failures, that have either emerged or have persisted over time, with a keen focus on the policies that guided infrastructure, funding, regulation, and enforcement. Data was collected using both primary and secondary sources. Primary data relied on empirical scholarly research articles, self-administered questionnaires, and in-depth interviews with public officers at levels or ranks drawn from various state agencies who were purposively selected. Secondary data was sourced from organizational records, surveys, and reports for other research and surveys conducted that were associated with the road sector within Nairobi County. The findings of this study found that the Integrated National Transport Policy in the road sector had a positive and significant effect on infrastructural development and the expansion of roads. It also had an Integrated National Transport Policy in the road sector, which had a positive and significant effect on funding, and it was further observed that implementation of the road transport policy had a positive and significant effect on regulation & enforcement. This study, therefore, recommends a complete overhaul of the road sector transport policy to fully address the question of infrastructural, funding, and review or realignment of the various legislation to facilitate ease of enforcement of the various road laws within Nairobi County.
- ItemAn analysis of Kenya’s counter-terrorism policy and its implications on Police Community Relations(Strathmore University, 2018) Kurui, Sheila ChepkorirThe threat of terrorism has emerged as one of the biggest influences of modern day public policy. High profile events such as the August 1998 bombing of the US Embassy in Nairobi,West Gate Mall and Garissa University attacks have transformed the manner in which the government and citizens conduct their day to day affairs. Kenyan government has employed institutional and legislative actions aimed at addressing this threat as reflected in the national counter terrorism policy documents.This study, using Kamukunji Constituency as a case study sought to investigate the interaction between police and the community in addressing the threat of terrorism. Utilizing a descriptive survey design, it specifically intended to examine the experiences of diverse communities and the voices of those charged with the responsibility of policing terrorism. The findings of the study reveal that community-police relationship that is built on trust and mutual respect is much more likely to give early warnings about terrorist acts.The study therefore recommends that the role of police in counter terrorism stands to benefit greatly if conceptualized with the aim of reaching out to the communities and fostering partnership that promotes safety and security by creating a network of individuals who feel it is in their best interest to create an environment hostile to criminals of all types.
- ItemAn Analysis of Kenya’s water sector institutional and regulatory framework from 2002-2017(Strathmore University, 2020) Korir, BelindaWater is key for human survival as well as the economic and social development of all nations. It is, however, a scarce resource making effective water governance crucial in its efficient use and distribution among the various competing needs. Water governance is dependent on a framework of policies, legislation and institutions. Over the years, Kenya has enacted a number of water legislation that have led to the creation of multiple water institutions. However, challenges have still been experienced which have been attributed to the multiplicity of institutions and the lack of coordination mechanisms amongst them. This study sequentially examined the water regulatory and institutional framework for the water sector from 2002 to 2017, identified gaps in the regulatory framework, and the resulting challenges in execution of their mandates. It used a cross-sectional and descriptive research design and is qualitative in nature. The study population included the water institutions with the Water Act, 2002, the Water Act, 2016, the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 forming other sources of data. Purposive sampling was used to identify key informants and snowballing used to refer the researcher to the appropriate/relevant staff members. Data collection was conducted by document analysis of the Water Act, 2002, the Water Act, 2016 and the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with key officials of the water institutions. Data were transcribed, coded and categorized then themes, patterns and relationships elicited from the data. Data interpretation was done by scanning data for repetitive words and phrases and comparing the findings from the interviews and document analysis with the findings of literature review and discussing similarities and differences between them. The study found that the regulatory framework establishes institutions for regulation of water resources and water service provision, water works development and water harvesting and storage and financing of water services. Each institution has roles assigned to it which cater for principles of participation, accountability, and tariff setting. Despite this, gaps still exist in regulation of some institutions, overlaps in roles and lack of coordination mechanisms among the institutions and challenges in funding, regulation and coordination. As a result, the study proposes the inclusion of coordination mechanisms, clear outlining of roles, regulation of institutions involved in water works and envisioning of mechanisms for County Government involvement on matters that directly involve them in the Water Act.
- ItemAn Analysis of revenue and expenditure performance of county governments in Kenya(Strathmore University, 2017) Kerich, Judith ChelangatThis study examines Revenue and Expenditure performance of county governments during the financial years 2013/14 to 2015/16. Kenya began the fiscal decentralization journey at independence through the creation of regionalism commonly known as Majimboism. Since independence Kenya has experimented on various forms of decentralization such as the Special Rural Development programme of 1966 among others. In 2010 a new constitution was promulgation which paved way for decentralization reforms that saw the devolution of functions, Resources and creation of 47 county governments. Key objectives of this study is to assess revenue performance by analyzing own revenue performance and the level transfer dependency of county governments. Expenditure performance was assessed by examining budget implementation at the county level, utilization of revenue, pending bills and compliance on 30% requirement on development expenditure. The absorptive capacity of counties is also analyzed to assess the extent to which counties are utilizing their resources. The study has used secondary data obtained from the reports of the Controller of Budget, The National Treasury and County Allocation Revenue Act. Data has been obtained for all the 47 county governments. The findings of the study indicate that counties are dependent on national transfers at an average of 87% and have been performing dismally on mobilization of own revenue. On the expenditure side there are counties whose expenditure exceeds available revenue. Compliance with development expenditure found that on average over the three years there are 24 counties that have not met the 30% requirement on development expenditure. The study established that actual allocation of resources to devolved functions namely Agriculture, Health and Water and Environment is different from planned expenditure which means that resources on devolved functions are being reallocated after the budget has been approved. The study concludes that revenue performance at the county level has been poor and several counties have not been able to achieve their revenue targets, hence making counties dependent on national transfers. On the expenditure, the study shows that fiscal discipline is lacking at the county level and compliance with 30% requirement on development expenditure is a challenge for at least 50% of the counties. On absorptive capacity the study concludes that a number of counties are not able to utilize or absorb the resources given to them which is an indication of poor implementation of programs and poor financial management practices because of large pending bills within counties. The study recommends a review of the legislative and policy framework to address the issue of fiscal discipline. The current framework gives guidelines on what should be done but does not provide sanctions on what happens when the stipulated requirements are violated.
- ItemAn Analysis of the factors that would influence investment in infrastructure assets by managers of pension funds in Kenya(Strathmore University, 2017) Mareri, Emma KeruboInfrastructure investments have traditionally been financed by governments but competing needs for limited resources has seen an increase in private sector funding of infrastructure projects. Given the large capital requirements needed for infrastructure investments, pooled savings such as those held by pension funds, insurance companies and endowments funds have been identified as potential sources of funding. The unique characteristics of infrastructure assets such as the long term horizon, stable, predictable and inflation linked cash flows match the liability profile of pension funds making them an ideal potential source of funding for infrastructure. In developed and emerging countries, pension funds have invested in infrastructure assets notwithstanding various barriers that exist. This study sought to analyze the factors that would influence investment in infrastructure assets by pension funds in Kenya. The review of theoretical and empirical literature identified nine factors that could influence investments in infrastructure assets. Questionnaires were issued to managers of pension funds in Kenya and 48 responses out of a targeted 66 respondents were received attaining a 73% response rate. The extent of influence of these factors on investment in infrastructure assets by managers of pension funds in Kenya was measured using an ordinal Likert scale and this was corroborated by a question that asked them to rank the relative importance of each of the factors. Factor analysis was then carried out to reduce the factors. The findings showed that the main factors that would influence the investments in infrastructure assets in Kenya were: the structure and investment characteristics of infrastructure assets, the expected return, governance of pension schemes and risk and regulation. Policy makers in Kenya should engage with the pension industry and address the potential impact these factors would have on attracting private capital as they structure infrastructure assets. Further research can be conducted on the feasibility of Public Private Partnerships in Kenya that require user fees on public utilities to be charged in the long term to meet the asset-liability match required by pension funds.
- ItemAnalysis of the influence of social capital on the utilization of maternal health services in Kibera Informal Settlements, Nairobi, Kenya.(Strathmore University, 2017-06) Gitimu, Anne MuthoniEvidence linking social capital to lower levels of mortality exists. However, little is known about the relationship between social capital and utilization of maternal health services in resource-poor countries such as Kenya. The maternal health goal under the Millennium Development Goal showed slow progress. Maternal health indicators are largely informed by utilization of various services. This study sought to examine the association between structural social capital and the utilization of three types of maternal health services—antenatal care, skilled delivery, and family planning in informal settlements. The study’s objective was to examine the influence of bonding, bridging and linking social capital on the utilization of maternal health services in Kibera informal settlements, Nairobi, Kenya. This study interviewed 391 women who had given birth in the years 2015 and 2016. Questionnaires were administered to these women and interviews were conducted among leaders of community based organizations, Ministry of Health staff, Ministry of Social services staff, and local leaders using a Key Informant Interview guide. Independent variables ─ bonding, bridging and linking social capital were examined in relation to the dependent variables on utilization of the three types of maternal health services (antenatal care, skilled delivery and family planning). Data from the study was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis indicated that bonding social capital was not significant in the utilization of the three types of maternal health services. Bridging social capital was significant in utilization of family planning services only. Linking social capital was significantly associated with utilization of antenatal care services and family planning with both positive and inverse relationships. None of the three types of social capital influenced skilled delivery. The findings of this study will be useful in informing maternal health strategies and programs as well as informing health policy on the important forms of social capital for availing maternal health services in informal settlements. Key words: Maternal health, Social Capital, Informal Settlements
- ItemAnalyzing the drivers and challenges of feed-in tariff policy in Kenya(Strathmore University, 2019) Engola, Monica KatungiFeed-in in Tariffs (FITS) policies are used by many developed and developing countries world over as a mechanism to promote renewable energy development across various technologies including hydro, wind, solar PV, geothermal, biomass and biogas. The tariffs are administratively determined and producers of power from renewable energy sources are guaranteed a right to sell the power generated to an off-taker at a fixed tariff for a set period. The research focused on the Kenyan FIT policy which was introduced in 2008 and revised in 2010 and 2012. The research problem was that if the FIT policy for Kenya remains in place electricity prices will not be competitive, project development will delay, it will not attract investment in some technologies and the country’s energy targets will not be met. The general objective was to analyze the drivers and challenges of the FIT policy in Kenya. The study approach was descriptive and qualitative and relied on secondary data sources and primary data collection from key informant interviews (KIIs). A purposive sample of key informants was used. Qualitative data analysis adopted a thematic analysis approach whereby common themes were identified from the KIIs. Findings from the study reveal that the main drivers for the FIT policy were to promote generation of electricity from renewable sources, attract investment and independent power producers (IPPs) to the sector, reduce transaction and administrative costs and the need for conformity with global standards or commitments. Secondly, findings reveal that the key challenges for the FIT policy relate to the unavailability of technical expertise for policy design and inefficiencies in policy implementation. The findings on alternative mechanisms to promote the generation of electricity from renewable energy sources include net metering, mini-grids and auctions or competitive tendering. FIT policies achieved marginal effects with the lack of impact on the energy industry attributed to ineffective implementation of policies and a general misalignment of interests among stakeholders. The main recommendation from this study is that the FIT policy should be revised to address the challenges associated with it and retained for projects below 10MW and the auction mechanism should be introduced for projects above 10MW. In addition, that net metering and mini-grids should be implemented as alternative options
- ItemAn Appraisal of Youth Enterprise Development Fund: challenges and policy options(Strathmore University, 2021) Kurgat, Bridgit ChepkoechThe Kenyan government like most developing countries has put in place various initiatives that aimed at addressing youth unemployment one of them being the Youth Enterprise Development Fund. The overall goal of the Youth Enterprise Development Fund is to expand the window of opportunities for Kenyan youth to get involved in the growth of the country by encouraging them to be job creators rather than job seekers through providing easy and affordable loans and business development support services to those expanding their enterprises. Youth unemployment rate in Kenya is estimated to be at 18.47 % with 7 million Kenyans entering the job market annually. Further, 9 out of every 10 unemployed Kenyans are below 35 years and the majority are between the age group of 20-24 years. The review aimed to assess the impact of active labour market policies adopted by the government to curb unemployment with specific emphasis on Youth Enterprise Development Fund (YEDF). The specific objectives of the study were; to review Youth Enterprise Framework & identify gaps and emerging issues, identify factors that have undermined the success of youth funds in creating opportunities for the youth and to suggest measures of enhancing effectiveness of youth fund by drawing lessons from other country experiences. The data used cross-sectional and descriptive design and is qualitative in nature. The study population was Youth Enterprise Fund. Purposive sampling was used for key informant interviews. Data collection was conducted by document analysis and Key Informant Interviews of YEDF beneficiaries and staff. Data was transcribed, coded and put in themes, patterns and relationships drawn out. Data evaluation was carried out by scanning data for recurrent words and phrases and contrasting findings from interviews conducted and document analysis with findings from literature review and discussing similarities and differences. The study identified gaps and emerging issues emanating from external and internal factors of the fund’s framework, challenges in the implementation of the fund’s mandate and suggested policy design options based on other country experiences. As a result, the study proposes investment of comprehensive business development support programs, establishment of an effective monitoring and evaluation system and coordination with other government agencies.
- ItemAssess the perceptions of personal data privacy amongst users and developers of mobile applications in Kenya(Strathmore University, 2018) Njuguna, Roselyn MuthoniThis paper aims to demonstrate the importance of understanding the right to privacy of personal data relating to someone’s personal life. The objectives guiding this study were: to establish to what extent users of mobile applications understand that personal data collected through these applications was private. To understand the role of mobile application users in enhacing the knowledge of role of privacy when using mobile application. Finally, to establish to what extent mobile application users understood that they have a responsibility for their personal data. The paper utilized a descriptive research design. A total of 259 respondents were interviewed in Nairobi County. The study found out that most users of mobile applications were aware of their right to privacy of personal data regarding their personal lives and families. The study found out that if mobile application users understood that they had rights with respect to personal data relating to their private and family life, they are most likely to protect any information they share when using mobile applications. Those who were aware of their rights to privacy were most likely to refuse to provide any information. However, majority of users were not aware they had a right to access and correct any personal data collected from their mobile applications. From a mobile developers perspective, the study found out that creating knowledge on privacy amongst mobile application users such as purpose of collecting personal data, recipient of the data and how the data was to be processed increased users likelihood to know their rights to privacy. The study also found out that mobile application developers had an important role in educating users on how their information is being used. The study further found out that those agencies that had full access of your personal data, were most likely to transmit it to third parties. The study recommends that there is a need to fast track the Data Protection Bill in Kenya currently under discussion. Additionally, there is a need for greater collaboration amongst private and public sector organisations to enhance knowledge on the role of rights to privacy when collecting personal data.
- ItemAssessing citizens’ perception of service quality at Huduma centres in Nairobi County, Kenya.(Strathmore University, 2018) Murage, WanguiThe needs of citizens and their demands of their governments are changing around the world, including in Kenya. This change is creating complex working environments for governments that are compounded by the finite resources available to cater for multiple competing needs in service provision. In Kenya, the promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 and the aim to provide quality services, both from private and public institutions, has catapulted the focus on quality of government services to the forefront while requiring the government to provide more services to the citizens with greater efficiency.Kenya Vision 2030 recognizes that an efficient and effective public sector is a pre requisite to achieving global competitiveness and a high quality of life by 2030 and requires reforms to the public service. Further, the current government’s manifesto singles out public service delivery, efficiency and innovation as one of its key focus areas specifically through the use of the government’s Citizen Service Centres otherwise referred to as Huduma Centres.In order for the Huduma Centres to deliver on the desired level of efficient, transparent and innovative service delivery for citizens, service quality has to be assured.Measuring the quality of service has long been a topic of discussion in the private sector, recognizing that it is difficult to measure the quality of services due to the inherent characteristics of services. It is important for the public managers to measure the service quality across government agencies and the citizen service centres because the citizens are co- producers in the service encounter and their perceptions of service quality would serve to inform the design and service standards and communications about the service by the producer and between the producer and the citizen. Further, studies have shown that levels of citizen satisfaction and the levels of trust in the government of the day are positively correlated.This study sought to assess the citizens’ perceptions of the service quality at the Huduma Centres in Nairobi County and also to ascertain if there was a correlation between service quality and citizen satisfaction. The data collected for the study are both qualitative and quantitative in nature with the qualitative being scheduled interviews with the service centre iv managers as the service providers and the quantitative being data collected through structured questionnaires to the citizens.The findings of the study reveal citizens are overall satisfied with the services at the Huduma Centres and were satisfied with the performance of each dimension of service quality measured. Further there is need for the Huduma Kenya Programme (HKP) to design the service offering in such a way that reduces the turnaround time for the citizens receiving services; invest in stable Information Communications Technology (ICT) systems and connectivity with the mother ministries; continually train the staff at the centres on customer service; and roll out other channels of service that lessen the need to physically visit the centres to get service; and more importantly continue focusing on the citizen needs in order to better serve them. Areas of further study include similar studies in more counties in Kenya to establish if there are significant differences with Nairobi County as well as comparative studies with other Citizen Service Centres around the world.
- ItemAssessing the influence of the Health Labour Market Framework in addressing health worker availability: a case of Turkana County(Strathmore University, 2018) Wambua, Prisca MwithiThe United Nations has projected a shortage of 18 million health workers if the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs’) are to be attained. Kenya has developed a national human resources for health strategy which gives policy and strategy guidance to County governments which are now responsible for management of their health workforce. This study referenced the health labour market framework as a basis to review how effectively the county has identified and addressed the health worker demand and supply factors. The study employed a mixed methods approach. The target population was all health workers in level 2-4 facilities in Turkana County. The population comprised of staff at the 153 operational health facilities in Turkana County. The study also targeted the members of the County Public Service board in Turkana and the health management team members in the county including the Chief Officer for Health, the County Human Resources for Health officer and County Public Service Board HR Manager. The sample size of the study was 100 health workers. Stratified sampling was used to sample the health workers while purposive sampling was used to pick the key informants. Data collection involved administration of questionnaires, conducting key informant interviews and review of secondary data. Quantitative data was analysed through descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analysed through content analysis. The study established that the current implementation of the measures has positive effect on availability of health workers across the county. The study recommends that the prioritization and sequencing of measures be aligned to the needs of health workers and that further studies be conducted to determine the factors influencing the implementation of HRH policies in Turkana County.
- ItemAn assessment of challenges of administering turnover tax collection: a case study of Kenya Revenue Authority(Strathmore University, 2018) Karanja, James KairuTurnover Tax (TOT) was introduced in Kenya in the 2006 Finance Act, and rolled out in January 2007. TOT was designed as a presumptive tax or estimate charge computed at 3% of the sales turnover of businesses making Kshs. 5 million or less. This step was designed as a revenue measure to broaden the tax base by bringing the largely untapped informal sector into the tax base. More than 10 years on the tax gap from the informal sector indicates the collections at a meagre 0.15% of the true tax potential. This study is focused on challenges faced by Kenya Revenue Authority, the single collector of national government revenue, in administering the TOT. The objectives of the study were; to assess the perceptions by KRA officers of application of trust and facilitation measures in collection of TOT in Nairobi Kenya; assess the perceptions by KRA officers of extent of application of enforcement measures in collection of turnover taxation of the informal sector; and based on the responses to identify priority areas for policy, legal and KRA administrative reform in collection of tax from the informal sector. The study identified the independent variables for this research to be trust and facilitation (simplification and education/advice) and enforcement (powers and procedures, detection capabilities and punishment). A target population of 235 KRA staff was selected and a total sample size of 147 was selected as representative, to be the focus of this study. A descriptive survey design was used. Stratified sampling technique was used to create a sampling frame ensuring that all Nairobi Domestic Tax Department (DTD) offices were included in the survey. Data was collected using self–administered questionnaires and direct interviews. Statistical Package for Social Scientist software (SPSS version 20) was used to perform descriptive and inferential analysis on the collected data, and findings presented using tables. The principal findings were that KRA has been hampered in its efforts to implement the policy on informal taxation largely due to lack of adequate resources, a poorly implemented strategy of taxpayer facilitation and lax enforcement among the informal sector largely leading to lower than expected tax gains from TOT. The study could not establish positive effects of the KRA radical shift towards trust and facilitation on the TOT collections since the launch of the 6th Corporate Plan in 2015. The study finds that a more focused investment by KRA in reviewing powers and procedures, detection of non-compliant taxpayers and punishing of those who wilfully comply has the potential of increasing the TOT revenue base.
- ItemAn Assessment of consumer protection in the Kenyan insurance sector(Strathmore University, 2017) Kiptum, Godfrey K.The general objective of this research was to assess the effect of insurance features on consumer protection in Kenya’s insurance sector. The study specific objectives were to; examine the extent of consumer awareness on consumer protection in Kenya insurance sector; determine the effect of insurance regulatory framework on consumer protection in Kenya insurance sector; assess the extent of the effect of disclosure of insurance product information on consumer protection in Kenya insurance sector and establish the effect of equitable and fair treatment of consumers on consumer protection in Kenya insurance sector. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design and the target population was a total of 700 consumer’s documented insurance complaints in the year 2014. The study applied a stratified random sampling technique to select 230 respondents as the sample size for the study. The study used data collected from secondary sources obtained from documented insurance complaints reports for the year 2014. The study collected documented consumer complaints reported from 42 insurance companies that had complaints made against them. Data of 150 consumers was sampled by the study. The findings indicate that knowledge on consumer education is low, that the insurance framework as currently is affords consumers little protection, product coverage and disclosure is still at the nascent stage and that consumers are not accorded fair treatment by the insurers. The study drew conclusion that the consumer awareness and hence protection in Kenya’s insurance sector was low due to low level of knowledge on insurance matters. This affects consumers’ ability to enforce their contractual rights. It was further noted that the lack of awareness by insurance consumers affected consumers’ protection in Kenya’s insurance legal regime. It is evident that the lack of clear understanding by policy holders on insurance legal legal regime disefranchised consumers and hence may not be able to seek protection provided by the various laws that protect consumers i.e. the Insurance Act and the Consumer protection Act. The study further concluded that lack of clear disclosure of insurance product information by insurance agents or insurance brokers negatively impacted on consumer protection in Kenya’s insurance sector and finally it was concluded that lack of knowledge on particular product or range of options available and the provisions to safeguard consumer rights that are standard contract provision like mediation or arbitration hampers the achievement of equity in resolving consumer complaints and hence the unintended discrimination in resolution of customer complaints. The study recommended that insurance companies’ agents or brokers should properly increase on consumer awareness on insurance products by equipping insurance policy holders with clear knowledge on insurance products. The insurance companies should also ensure that their insurance brokers or agents explains to their customers on the scope of benefits of their insurance covers.
- ItemAn Assessment of factors influencing public participation in Kenya Urban Roads Authority projects(Strathmore University, 2020) Mayienda, ReubenCommunity participation has potential advantages to communities ranging from; empowerment, capacity building, project effectiveness and efficiency, cost sharing and ownership. In Kenya, however, citizen participation is low, involving sharing opinions during public forums rather than participating in decision making as envisioned in the Constitution of Kenya. The objective of this study was to determine the factors influencing the level of public participation in Kenya Urban Roads Authority’s (KURA’s) projects. The specific objectives were; to determine the level to which KURA involves the public in their roads projects’ design and implementation; and to determine how organizational and institutional factors influence the level of public participation in the design and implementation of Kenya Urban Roads Authority’s (KURA’s) projects. The study was based on public participatory models and the participatory democratic theory. Cluster sampling was used whereby the regions where KURA operates in and the headquarters formed the clusters. Purposive sampling was then employed to select a total of forty five participants drawn from each of the clusters. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the respondents. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The study established that KURA engaged various categories of people in the public in their project designs as well as in implementation. These included; the general public, community representatives and opinion leaders. It further established that the public was engaged in various stages of the road project development ranging from the feasibility study, planning stage, project design, during tendering as well as in project implementation. The study recommends that KURA should inform the public about what projects they intend to implement, collaborate with them, involve them, consult them and empower them while carrying out their projects. The study also recommends that in order to improve public participation in their projects; KURA allocates adequate human resources to carry out public participation activities and adopts proper public participation procedures and organizational strategies for public participation. KURA should further ensure that the assigned staff are adequately trained on how to conduct public participation forums effectively.
- ItemAssessment of human resource planning in the maternal health program in Nairobi City County(Strathmore University, 2019) Waweru, Susan WangariIn developing countries, human resource planning has not historically been a priority whilst developing maternal health policies in government. This has caused a health workforce crisis that has increasingly grown in prominence in Africa and is the main constraint to strengthening national maternal health systems and achieving maternal health outcomes. This study assessed human resource planning in the maternal health program in Nairobi City County so as to improve human resource productivity in the maternal health program in the County and thereby improve service delivery. The study adopted a mixed methodology approach where both qualitative and quantitative analysis was used. To undertake the study, a total population census was carried out using questionnaires that were subjected to the County Health Management Team and policymakers in the health services sector who bear the responsibility of human resource planning. This entailed the collection of data regarding the human resource planning process from formulation to implementation of the ensuing human resource plan. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. This was obtained from published reports and health facilities’ documented information. The questionnaire was coded using SPSS version 23 according to each variable of the study to ensure the margin of error was minimized and assure accuracy during analysis. Descriptive statistics, mean, frequency, percentages, and standard deviations were used for qualitative data. The information was displayed by use of tables, bar charts, graphs, and pie charts and in prose form. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The expected outcome of the study was that there was a positive relationship between human resource planning and maternal health outcomes. The study also found that the challenges of implementing human resource plans had a negative relationship with maternal health outcomes.
- ItemAn assessment of male participation in maternal health care as a strategy to contribute to the deduction of maternal mortality rate in Ugenya Sub-County(Strathmore University, 2016) Musira, LucyThe Government of Kenya has shown commitment in delivering health facilities to the doorsteps of common people through, among others, innovative approaches such as Kenya’s First Lady-led Beyond Zero Campaign; free maternity services; devolving of health services; and facilitating the joint communiqué by 15 Governors whose counties were found to have the highest burden of maternal mortality rate. Despite this commitment, the high rate of maternal deaths in Kenya remains a concern. Cairo’s 1994 International Conference on Population and Development recommended that special efforts should be made to emphasize men’s shared responsibility in maternal health, among other areas. The Conference’s findings increased interest in male involvement in maternal health initiatives. It is therefore necessary to establish whether this recommendation is being implemented to contribute to the improvement of the formula for tackling the high maternal mortality rate globally, and what factors are influencing such adoption. This study covered Ugenya Sub-County, in Siaya County. The study observed that strategies to tackle the large number of maternal deaths in the Siaya County Health Policy, as well as in the Siaya County Integrated Development Plan did not include male participation in maternal health care. This study aimed to examine male participation in maternal health care as a strategy to contribute to the reduction of maternal mortality rate in Ugenya Sub-County. Specific objectives were to establish the effects of socio-economic; health facility; cultural; and perceptions/attitudes factors on male participation in maternal health care. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The population of interest included 48,105 households in Ugenya Sub-County’s four wards, West Ugenya; Ukwala; North Ugenya; and East Ugenya. A sample of 150 respondents from the population was selected, and the study used a self-administered questionnaire using face-to-face method. Quantitative data collected was analyzed through descriptive statistics using SPSS, and Qualitative data analyzed using content analysis. The study established that male respondents were aware of most pregnancy complications, though this awareness was from information shared within the community after death had occurred. The respondents’ level of knowledge on the importance and benefits of antenatal care, including the World Health Organization recommended number of visits for antenatal care, and importance of birth spacing was low. Most respondents cited Malaria as the highest cause of maternal deaths in the sub-county. The study found that pregnancy support was regarded as a female role; and it was a taboo for male to go into delivery rooms or labour wards. Negative attitude by healthcare workers and the community towards men who accompanied their partners to the clinics was found to impede male participation in maternal health care. Health care facilities were found to be not easily accessible, operating hours not conducive for men, and male friendly services and waiting areas lacking. Male participation was found to be generally low, and non-participation was not intentional, but influenced by these factors. The study recommends further studies in other Kenyan counties to establish the level of male participation, and what influences said participation. Also recommended for future research is whether male participation reduces maternal mortality rates. The findings of this study aim to contribute to the enhancement of health policies and strategies employed in tackling maternal deaths, and maternal health care. There is a need to undertake wider community sensitization on the importance of supporting men participating in their partners’ maternity care; addressing infrastructural health service issues; and improving comprehensive plans to overcome informational barriers by increasing men’s knowledge and awareness on the importance of their participation. This will entail planning and budgeting for such activities. Human Resources for Health also need to be looked into as this may influence health workers’ attitude toward their work and subsequently how they handle clients.
- ItemAn Assessment of the challenges affecting electricity transmission network expansion in Kenya; a case study of KETRACO(Strathmore University, 2020) Sitienei, Lydia ChelagatElectricity remains a key economic driver in promoting economic activities such as manufacturing and trade. The Kenyan government in late 2008 introduced KETRACO, as a company with the sole mandate of planning, designing, building, operating and maintaining the national electricity transmission grid in the country. Since its inception, when compared to the planned 16,000km grid expansion, only 1,800km has been achieved by the Kenya Electricity Transmission Company Ltd (KETRACO). It is on this merit that the study sought to assess the challenges affecting electricity transmission network expansion in Kenya, the emerging trends and the possible solutions to the challenges thereof. The study adopted an exploratory research design with the targeted population being the stakeholders in the energy sector in Kenya who include KETRACO, the Ministry of Energy, the National Treasury, Kenya Power & Lighting Company (KPLC), and the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). Purposive sampling was used where 103 respondents were chosen based on their knowledge and experience on electricity transmission and power management. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data which was analysed through mixed analysis methods. Documents review guide enabled collection of secondary data from sectoral plans and official documents within the Energy Sector. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. The study concludes that all the three challenges namely implementation capacity, right of way acquisition and vandalism negatively affect electricity transmission expansion efforts of KETRACO. The study underscores a need for an integrated plan of action within the sector and enhanced training of personnel with regard to specific skills relating to transmission. The study recommends allocation of adequate financial resources by the government especially for operation and maintenance while citing the importance of developing a community engagement plan for the areas along which the transmission line passes and the need to leverage on technology to reduce the land space needed for right of way acquisition. Use of the already existing government reserves alongside other public infrastructures such as roads networks, water and sewerage infrastructure, railways among others could be considered to reduce wayleave acquisition challenges. The researcher also recommends further research on use of technologies such as monopoles as opposed to lattice towers to reduce the negative effects of the right of way and underscores the need for research on the materials used in the construction of transmission towers to assist KETRACO in identifying safer materials and technology that could deter vandalism.
- ItemAssessment of the effect of the devolved governance intervention on early childhood development and education in Samburu County(Strathmore University, 2021) Kasaine, MosesThe 2010 Constitution bestowed Early Childhood Education Development to the devolved units. Despite this, there are challenges that exist which hinder accessibility to schools. This study sought to assess the effect of devolution on enrolment to early childhood development and education. The specific objectives were to establish the effect of community infrastructural development, impact of county government investment on school facilities, introduction of school feeding program, effect of teaching staff on enrolment to ECDE in the advent of devolution. The study was guided by the theory of change. The descriptive design was adopted. The research targeted 530 ECDE teachers. The sample size was 30% of all teachers, which was 159. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequency distribution, measures of central tendencies (mean and standard deviation). A correlation analysis was used to determine the level of association of variables, while regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between the study variables. The study outcomes revealed a positive and significant relationship between number of classrooms and ECDE enrolment, and number of teachers and ECDE enrolment. The study concluded that the introduction of devolution had led to new infrastructural developments within Samburu County, the county government investment on school facilities was effective in enhancing enrolment to ECDE., the introduction of devolution has resulted to increase in the number of feeding programs in the ECDE centers, and that the introduction of devolution has resulted to hiring of more permanent ECDE teachers. Based on study results, the research recommended that both levels of governments should invest more in infrastructural development, improvement of school facilities, and school feeding programs. Finally, the county government should employ more teachers to ECDE centers.