SU+ Digital Repository

SU+ is an online repository for the preservation and promotion of assorted digital content at Strathmore University

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Conferences / Workshops / Seminars + 474
Documents and Proceedings of Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (and more) held at Strathmore University
Digital Archives 178
Assorted collections of resources covering various subject themes contributed by Faculty and Library Staff
Reports / Policies + 10
Public reports and policy documents
Research / Researchers / Publications 4698
Researcher Profiles / Conference presentations / Published research articles / Faculty and Corporate research outputs
Strathmore Heritage Collection 56
A digital chronicle of the History of the University presented through a mix of pictures, videos and digitized publications

Recent Submissions

The Moderating effect of governance quality on the relationship between foreign capital inflows and economic growth in Kenya
(Strathmore University, 2026) Thuo, Irene
Foreign capial has gradually increased its inflows into Kenya during the past several years and is touted to play a role in enhancing development of various economic aspects. The purpose of the study was therefore to analyse the moderating influence of governance quality on the effects of foreign capital inflows on economic growth in Kenya. Specifically, the study analysed the effect of foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio inflows, diaspora remittances and official development assistance on economic growth in Kenya. The study also analysed the moderating effect of governance quality on the relationship between foreign capital inflows and economic growth in Kenya. The study was grounded on the Neoclassical Growth Theory, Institutional Theory and the Dependency Theory. The positivism research philosophy was also employed. The study also adopted an explanatory research design. The study collected secondary data from the CBK. The data was collected on the variables for the period between 1993-2022. The collected study data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis. The study found out that there was a significant influence for development assistance, foreign portfolio inflows, diaspora remittances and governance on economic growth while an insignificant influence was recorded for foreign direct investment on economic growth in Kenya. The study recommends that the government should create more investment opportunities for the diaspora by developing attractive investment vehicles such as diaspora bonds, real estate opportunities, and small business ventures. The study also recommends improving the governance of ODA funds by adopting transparent monitoring and evaluation systems to ensure funds are used efficiently and for their intended purposes. The study also recommends a comparative study be conducted with other East African countries and or developing countries to provide a broader perspective on how different economies are utilizing foreign capital.
Effect of organizational factors on ESG disclosure practices among listed Kenyan firms: moderating role of manufacturing and service sectors
(Strathmore University, 2026) Karimi, Leah
Businesses are under growing pressure to provide ESG disclosures to quench the demands of investors, regulators, and key stakeholders who demand transparency and accountability. However, the level and quality of ESG disclosures among listed firms in Kenya remain inconsistent and largely underwhelming. This research therefore aimed to explore the influence of organizational factors on ESG disclosure practices among listed firms in Kenya. The study specifically investigated the impact of resource factors, board characteristics, and ownership structure on ESG disclosure practices. Further, it examined the moderating role of sector affiliation was reviewed in the study. The study was guided by Institutional Theory and Stakeholder Theory. A positivist research philosophy was utilized to underpin the study. Further, a descriptive research design was applied to guide the study with population drawn from all the firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange as of December 2024. The research utilized secondary data obtained from the annual audited financial statements of listed companies spanning the years 2010 to 2024. Data was gathered through document analysis. The correlation analysis between firm characteristics and the adoption of ESG disclosures within the firms showed a weak positive and significant association between firm size and the ESG disclosure. The findings on board characteristics indicated there was weak positive association between presence of female board members, outside directors, and moderate positive relation between presence of male board members and adoption of ESG disclosures. Findings indicated that ownership structure and sector affiliation had a moderately positive association with adoption of ESG disclosures within the listed firms. The regression results indicate that organizational factors play a significant role in shaping ESG disclosure adoption among listed firms in Kenya. Firm age emerged as a positive determinant of ESG disclosure practices, while firm size also showed a positive and statistically significant effect. Regarding board characteristics; board female and outside directors indicated a statistically significant positive effect on ESG disclosure adoption while board composition had an insignificant effect. Further, ownership structure exhibited a negative and statistically significant effect on ESG disclosure practices. The findings further revealed that there existed a positive and statistically insignificant moderating effect of sector affiliation on the relationship between organization factors and adoption of ESG disclosures among listed firms in Kenya. The study therefore recommends that regulators, in this case the Capital Markets Authority and the Nairobi Securities Exchange should design targeted ESG capacity-building programs for younger listed firms. The study also recommends that boards of listed firms should invest in ESG training for directors. Firms should also benchmark ESG disclosures against peers within the same sector rather than across unrelated industries to improve relevance and comparability. Future research could adopt alternative methodological approaches, including qualitative case studies or mixed-methods designs. Key words: ESG disclosures, listed firms in Kenya, resource factors, board characteristics, ownership structure
The Moderating role of venture capital financing on the determinants of financial innovation in Kenyan Micro and Small Enterprises
(Strathmore University, 2026) Onyango, Frank Otieno
In Kenya’s evolving entrepreneurial ecosystem, financial innovation is critical to the growth and competitiveness of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs), yet innovation outcomes remain uneven. This study examined the determinants of financial innovation and the moderating role of venture capital (VC) financing among MSEs in Nairobi, Mombasa, and Nakuru. Specifically, the study sought to assess the effect of firm-level determinants financial health, networking capabilities, founding team experience, firm size, and ownership structure on financial innovation; determine the direct influence of VC financing; and analyse the moderating effect of VC financing on these relationships. Anchored on the Resource-Based View and the Technology Acceptance Model, the study adopted a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from 543 MSEs, of which 483 valid responses were obtained through stratified and purposive sampling. Financial innovation was measured using a composite innovation index, and data were analysed using Ordinary Least Squares regression with interaction terms. The findings indicate that firm-level determinants significantly influence financial innovation and that VC financing strengthens the effect of internal firm capabilities on innovation outcomes. The study contributes empirical evidence on entrepreneurial finance in an emerging market context and informs policies aimed at promoting innovation-driven MSE growth. However, the cross-sectional design limits causal inference over time.
Government expenditure and sectoral output in Kenya: an assessment of sectoral elasticities and the moderating role of fiscal policy efficiency
(Strathmore University, 2026) Omondi, Sophie Claire
This study examined the relationship between government expenditure and sectoral output in Kenya over the period 2004 to 2024, with three objectives: to estimate short-run and long-run output elasticities of government expenditure across productive sectors, to determine the differential effects of capital and recurrent expenditure on sectoral output, and to assess whether fiscal policy efficiency moderates the expenditure-output relationship. Grounded in Keynesian Theory, the Theory of Public Sector Productivity and Allocative Efficiency, and Endogenous Growth Theory, the study adopted a positivist philosophy and a quantitative causal design. Six productive sectors; agriculture, manufacturing, construction, energy, ICT, and tourism; were analysed using annual time-series data sourced from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, National Treasury, Central Bank of Kenya, and World Bank. Six separate sector-level Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models were estimated, with fiscal policy efficiency proxied by lagged sector-specific budget absorption rates and supplemented by a KPI-based descriptive index. Cointegration could not be confirmed for any sector given the small sample, and all long-run elasticity estimates are therefore treated as indicative. Findings revealed substantial variation in sectoral responsiveness: energy and agriculture showed the strongest indicative long-run output responses, while manufacturing exhibited a negative association reflecting persistent structural constraints. Capital expenditure generated stronger and more sustained output effects than recurrent expenditure, particularly in agriculture and energy. Moderation analysis produced interaction coefficients in the theoretically expected positive direction for agriculture, ICT, and manufacturing, but these did not reach conventional statistical significance and are reported as directional rather than conclusive, consistent with the study's limited sample power. The study concludes that the impact of government expenditure on sectoral output depends on the sector, expenditure composition, and fiscal management efficiency, and recommends prioritising capital expenditure in high-responsiveness sectors, strengthening budget absorption and public financial management systems, and institutionalising performance-based budgeting to maximise the developmental impact of public spending in Kenya. Keywords: government expenditure, sectoral output, fiscal policy efficiency, sectoral elasticity, ARDL bounds testing, budget absorption, Kenya
Factors influencing the implementation of sustainable employment practices by Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi, Kenya
(Strathmore University, 2026) Nderitu, Lucy
The global sustainability goals are compelling business enterprises of all kinds to take action by implementing organization-wide sustainability initiatives. While larger corporations increasingly recognise the importance of sustainability and make significant strides, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) appear to lag behind. These smaller enterprises are thought to face challenges when it comes to implementing sustainability initiatives. The study aimed to examine the factors affecting SMEs in adopting sustainable employment practices. In particular, the study sought to determine how resource slack, upper management commitment, organizational culture, and employment regulations framework influence SMEs' adoption of sustainable employment practices in Nairobi County, Kenya. The contingency theory and the triple bottom-line theory underpinned the study. A positivist research philosophy was followed, and a descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted. A sample of 400 SMEs from a population of 90,000 SMEs in Nairobi County was targeted, from whom HR officers were selected using a purposive sampling technique and surveyed using structured questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis, and findings were published using tables and figures. Descriptive statistical analysis reveals that, while respondents indicated a moderate positive perception of leadership support for sustainable employment practices, the overall perception of resource slack, organizational culture, and employment regulations were relatively low, suggesting areas for improvement. Inferential statistics demonstrate that resource slack, organizational culture, and top management support significantly influence the adoption of sustainable employment practices, with organizational culture having the strongest effect, followed by top management support. Employment regulations, on the other hand, were found to have no significant effect on sustainable employment practices. These findings underscore the value of robust corporate culture and supportive leadership in driving sustainable employment practices. Therefore, the study concludes that resource slack, culture, and leadership support are the primary drivers of sustainable employment practices in SMEs, with organizational culture and leadership support being the most crucial factors for success in sustainable employment practices. Therefore, at policy level, the study recommends creating targeted policies and incentivizing SMEs to adopt sustainability frameworks for their employment practices. At practical level, it proposes that SMEs should strengthen their internal structures to drive sustainability efforts effectively. Keywords: implementation, sustainable employment practice, employment practices, resource slack, top management support, organizational culture, employment regulation.