MPPM Thesis and Dissertations (2022)

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    Role of youths in conflict resolution in Kenya: a case of Muhoroni and Tinderet Sub-counties
    (Strathmore University, 2022) Chegero, Catherine Minayo
    The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of the youth in conflict resolution in the Muhoroni and Tinderet sub-counties. The study aimed to change the tendency of disproportionately placing the burdens of conflicts, war and violence on youths and instead acknowledge the important roles they play in conflict resolution and upholding peace. Specifically, the study sought to determine the role of youths in conflict resolution in Muhoroni and Tinderet sub-counties, to determine the challenges faced by the youth initiatives at the center of conflict resolution and peace-building in Muhoroni and Tinderet sub-counties, and to determine the strategies that can be adopted to promote the participation and contribution of the youth to conflict resolution and peacebuilding in Muhoroni and Tinderet sub-counties. The study used an explanatory research design. The target population comprised the youth in Muhoroni and Tinderet Sub counties and various officers in charge of youth groups in the two sub-counties. The study used cluster sampling to sample the youths to participate in the study. The officers in charge of the youth groups as well as the administrative leaders were sampled using a snowball sampling method. Data collection was done using both a questionnaire and an interview guide. The questionnaire was used to collect data from the youths. An interview guide was used to collect data from officers in charge of youth affairs. The study used secondary sources such as journals and publications. Quantitative data collected using questionnaires will be analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences using descriptive and factor analysis methods. Quantitative findings were presented in form of frequency and percentage tables and figures. Data collected using interview guides were analyzed using the thematic analysis method. Based on the analysis findings, the study found out that the youths have a crucial role to play in conflict resolution and peacebuilding in Muhoroni and Tinderet sub-counties. However, participation in conflict resolution and peacebuilding was found to be low. The key challenges identified as hindrances to youth participation in conflict resolution and peacebuilding included poor perceptions and attitudes towards the youth that consider them as inexperienced on matters of conflict resolution, poor cultural beliefs, the poor economic situation of the youths, religious beliefs and poor education level. On the strategies that can be adopted to promote the participation of the youths in conflict resolution and peace building, the study found out that the key strategies that can be used to foster youths participating in conflict resolution and peacebuilding include youth empowerment, civic education and awareness creation, the preoccupation of the youths through such activities as sports, and creation of conflict prevention and resolution program that give the responsibilities of the youth. Based on the findings, the youths are recommended to reevaluate their understanding of their leadership capacity and acknowledge that they have a key role to play in conflict resolution. Also, they are recommended to forge, maintain and consolidate ties among themselves through the creation of effective networks for them to effectively partake in conflict resolution, peacebuilding and other matters in society. The government is recommended to make sustained commitments to rebuild the young people’s trust and confidence in participative forums and leadership positions. In this regard, the government is recommended to promote the inclusion of the young in peacebuilding initiatives.
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    Investigation of drivers and barriers to LPG uptake after re-introduction of 16 % VAT on LPG among low-middle income households in Nairobi County
    (Strathmore University, 2022) Thumbi, Margaret Muthoni
    Promoting access to clean household cooking energy is a crucial issue that has policy implications for the urgent need and global efforts to achieve universal energy access by 2030, as set out in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 7). This qualitative study explored the Theory of Change on interventions that are capable of bringing change. In addition, the Lay Logic model on barriers and facilitators on scale-up on clean cooking fuel was utilized. The model has five domains of concern consumer perspective in low- and middle-income households in an urban setting. More than 3 billion people globally still rely on traditional fuel as a source of cooking fuel. This has resulted in an enormous health burden due to household Air Pollution (HAP) with approximately 4.3 million premature deaths arising from the use of solid fuel (charcoal, wood) and kerosene. A growing body of evidence and global consensus indicates that scaling up the use of clean cooking fuels will contribute to the achievement of all 17 SDGs set by the United Nations in 2015. Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a clean-cooking fuel that is rapidly scalable; it is thus seen as a key component in achieving Kenya’s ambitious target of attaining 100% clean household energy access by 2028. The Kenyan government zero-rated Value Added Tax (VAT) on LPG in 2016, this recorded a progressive increase in uptake from 13% in 2016 to 24% in 2020. Although in July 2021 16% standard Value Added Tax (VAT) on LPG was re-introduced. Consequently, the re-introduction of the 16% VAT negatively impacted the resource-poor low and middle income households, this led to an increase in the LPG cost thus causing LMI Households to revert to alternative traditional fuels either exclusively or through supplementing LPG. Traditional fuels are polluting and have adverse effects on health, livelihoods, the environment, and climate, this study sought to explore the effect of the re-introduction of 16% VAT on LPG uptake. The objectives of this research were, to i) establish the outcome of the re-introduction of 16% VAT in LMI households, ii) determine other fuel options that households switched to after the VAT re-introduction, and iii) the drivers that determine the type of fuels used by households and trends observed.
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    Policy framework for refugee management in Kenya: an assessment of challenges, gaps, and options
    (Strathmore University, 2022) Mwaluko, Judy Mboya
    Statistics on the level of integration for refugees are lacking, despite Kenya being signatory to the 1951 Convention that provided a legal framework for the integration of refugees in States party to the Convention. The statistics provide evidence that there are gaps in refugee management in Kenya which require further examination and empirical investigation. The overall aim of this study is to assess the challenges, gaps, and options for policy framework for refugee management in Kenya. The study sought to identify challenges facing the refugee management system in Kenya, to review the existing policy framework and identify the gaps for refugee management in Kenya, and to come up with clear policy recommendations for refugee management in Kenya. The research adopted the exploratory research design. This study was undertaken in Kakuma refugee camp and Kalobeyei Integrated Settlement. The focus of the study was refugees living in Kakuma and Kalobeyei Integrated Settlement. The data approach for this research was qualitative. The primary data collection tool for this study was an interview schedule. Data was analyzed in two phases; the first phase involved coding to look for themes and trends in the data. This was done through the Nvivo software version 12. The study found that refugee management is highly politicized as Kakuma and Kalobeyei camps therefore seem to have freehand on refugees in their soils regardless of the general provisions of the conventions. The study also found that there is inadequate protection space for asylum seekers and refugees. The study also established that the specific needs by the refugees are a challenge. The study found that there were gaps in policies such as there appeared to be no policies, guidelines or strategies that explicitly address refugee health. The study also established that the current encampment policy has a number of disturbing features, which affect the enjoyment of rights by refugees. The study concluded that today's refugee policy mainly consists of responding to crises as they happen rather than trying to prevent them and this does not make much sense as the refugee problem in Africa is indeed grave and appears to be worsening and, in practical terms a lot needs to be done. The research recommends that the bill must establish a more lenient basis for granting movement passes to Kenyan refugees. The research recommends that the Kenya government must administer services uniformly to refugees across the country.
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    Effect of innovative practices on operational performance of the National Hospital Insurance Fund, Kenya
    (Strathmore University, 2022) Omerikwa, Consolata Imade
    Many developing economies lack a driving force for innovation and research and development spending. The driving force towards innovation is further hampered by the fact that many companies encounter internal and external barriers or inhibitors that get in the way of developing the right practices to support the innovation process. One of the key mandates of National Hospital Insurance Fund is attaining the operational targets on performance and for this to be achieved, the National Hospital Insurance Fund must embrace innovative practices service delivery, to reduce in operational cost, to increase scope of health coverage and to promote quality health care offered to the Kenyan population. The general objective of this study was to establish the effect of innovative practices on performance of the National Hospital Insurance Fund in Kenya. The study focused on product, process, market, and technology innovations. A quantitative descriptive research design was adopted. The population of interest comprised 148 employees from NHIF headquarters in Upper hill Nairobi from the ICT department, operations, finance, and marketing department. Stratified random sampling technique was used and primary data which was collected through close ended questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analysing the data and a multiple regression model was applied to establish the relationship amongst the studied factors. There existed a moderate positive relationship (p-0.031) between product innovation and operational performance of the National Hospital Insurance Fund in Kenya, between process innovation and operational performance(p-0.001), between market innovation and operational performance (p-0.013) and between technological innovation and operational performance (p-0.014).Consequently, in terms of recommendation, the government may consider implementing policies that enable the NHIF to develop and innovate it products concurrently protecting the interests of the members. The government should also provide marketing regulations and policies to ensure that the NHIF products are fully marketed to reach the entire population since it is the primary health insurance provider in Kenya. Finally, the management of NHIF should ensure the use of the technological innovations as it has been found useful in promoting the fund performance.