Gender-inclusive climate resilience and community-led adaptation in afforestation initiatives: a case study of the Mau Forest Complex, Kenya

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between gender-inclusive climate resilience and community-led adaptation in afforestation initiatives within Kenya’s Mau Forest Complex. Afforestation and climate resilience are vital for addressing environmental degradation and adapting to climate change. However, gender perspectives in these initiatives remain limited. This research examined the impact of gender inclusivity on adaptation activities, the distinct strategies employed, and the challenges communities face. The study aimed to: (1) Examine how gender inclusiveness influences community-led adaptation in afforestation initiatives at the Mau Forest Complex; (2) Assessed the different community-led adaptation strategies of men and women and their implications for afforestation initiatives; and (3) Identified the challenges hindering effective community-led adaptation to climate resilience among men and women in the Mau Forest Complex. A mixed-method research design was employed for this study. The study focused on community members across Bomet, Kericho, Nakuru, Nandi, Narok, and Uasin Gishu counties within the Mau Forest Complex. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. Qualitative data was thematically analyzed to identify recurring patterns and provide a deeper understanding of gender dynamics in adaptation practices. The findings revealed moderate awareness of the importance of gender inclusivity in climate adaptation efforts. Men and women contribute differently to afforestation: men focus on tree planting and water conservation, while women engage in sustainable agriculture. These complementary roles highlight the value of a gender-balanced approach in enhancing afforestation initiatives. However, significant challenges persist, including financial constraints and limited access to climate information. Additionally, gender-specific barriers such as restricted resource access and decision-making opportunities for women exist. These challenges hinder the effectiveness of adaptation efforts. The study concluded that a multifaceted approach is essential to build resilient, adaptive communities in the Mau Forest Complex. This approach should address financial constraints, improve access to climate information, and promote gender inclusivity. Recommendations include raising awareness of gender inclusivity and fostering collaboration between men’s and women’s adaptation strategies. Also, simplifying access to climate finance and dismantling gender-specific barriers. By addressing these challenges, afforestation initiatives can become more sustainable and effective, contributing to broader climate resilience in the region. Further research is suggested to explore the long-term impacts of gender-sensitive adaptation approaches, and the potential for youth and intergenerational collaboration.