Engagement with mental health by different generations: a preliminary exploratory study of generations X, Y and Z in the Nairobi workforce

Abstract

Mental health is a vital aspect of overall well-being, and it is essential to understand how different generations interact with it in the Kenyan workforce. This research study sought to explore how the understanding of mental health and mental well-being varies across different generations in the Kenyan workforce. Additionally, this research examined whether the awareness of support structures and level of engagement with these varies across different generations. This research was underpinned by the social exchange theory and the life course theory. The study involved 39 participants from three generations, including Generation X (born between1965 -1979), Generation Y also referred to as Millennials (born between 1980 -1994), and Generation Z (born between 1995 – 2009). The study was conducted using a qualitative approach, which entailed adopting focus group discussions for data collection. Each focus group had at least seven participants. First, the findings from this study highlight the variations in understanding and attitudes towards mental health across Generations X, Y, and Z within the Kenyan workforce. Generation X tends to hold more traditional views but is gradually becoming more aware, Generation Y balances traditional and modern views while showing increased openness, and Generation Z is highly aware and actively advocates for mental health. Regarding awareness of existing mental health support structures, the findings from the present study also reveal generational differences in the Kenyan workforce. Generation X shows the least awareness and utilization, primarily relying on family support. Generation Y is moderately aware and open to using both organizational and NGO/government support structures, while Generation Z exhibits the highest awareness and utilization, facilitated by digital platforms and peer support networks. The stigma surrounding mental health is progressively decreasing from Generation X to Generation Z, reflecting a positive trend towards mental health awareness and support in the Kenyan workforce. The findings also indicate generational differences in engagement with mental health structures in the Kenyan workforce. Generation X remains cautious and traditional, with limited engagement with formal support structures in the workplace. Individuals from generation X face significant barriers due to traditional hierarchical structures and cultural stigma, making it difficult to discuss mental health openly with superiors. They show limited engagement with mental health support due to deeply ingrained cultural and societal norms of toughness and resilience. Generation Y represents a transitional phase, balancing between traditional family support and emerging professional help; hence, they have moderate engagement. Individuals from generation Z are more adaptable and open, yet faces challenges related to job insecurity and workplace isolation. The findings reveal that each generation in the Kenyan workforce has unique perceptions and understandings of mental health, influenced by their experiences and societal context. Tailoring mental health programs and policies to address these generational differences can enhance their effectiveness and foster a more supportive and mentally healthy workforce.