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- ItemThe Rising sea level – a threat to statehood(Strathmore University, 2019-09-24) Mbatia, KelvinClimate change has several adverse effects. One of these, sea level rise, threatens two key requirements for statehood, as listed in the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, and backed by the Declaratory Theory of Statehood. These are: a defined territory and permanent population. This paper illustrates the interplay between the rising sea level, on the one hand, and the maritime boundaries of, and populations residing in, small low-lying island nations, on the other. It suggests that a rise in sea level interferes with the maritime boundaries of these nations, which are determined by ambulatory baselines. It argues that a consistent rise in sea level, by submerging small island nations, will lead to their extinction. Furthermore, the rising sea will displace large numbers of people on these island nations. These effects impugn the statehood of these nations.
- ItemExtended version of zero-inflated negative binomial distribution with application to HIV exposed infant count data(Strathmore University, 2019-09-17) Dr.Odhiambo, Collins; Kibika, StellaRoutine HIV exposed infants (HEI) data that is collected monthly depicts many HIV positive zeros due to prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) policy. However, since implementation of PMTCT differs both geographically and facility-by-facility, there is likelihood of structured zero for HEI positive numbers (optimum PMTCT) and non-structured zero (sub-optimum PMTCT). Hence standard zero-inflated models may not be appropriate. This project seeks to extend the zero-inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) model by incorporating Shanker distribution. Extensive simulations were conducted by varying parameters in the model, i.e. dispersion, shape and sample size. Results were compared using BC. The model was tested using HEI data sampled from six high HIV burden counties in Kenya. Both simulation and real HEI data results show that the model yielded better performance.
- ItemThe Construction of the multidimensional poverty index of Kenya using Alkire- foster approach,(2019-09-10) Dr.Muthoni, LucyIn this paper, the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), a specification of the Alkire-Foster approach, is used to calculate the poverty index of Kenya. This index was computed for 104 countries by Alkire and Santos in 2010. It was launched as a prominent feature of the annual United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Human Development Report, replacing the previous Human Poverty Index. This paper seeks to reconstruct the poverty index which is used in Kenya’s Revenue Allocation formula. The country currently uses a modification of the UNDP’s Human Development Index, which gives weights to different aspects of deprivation. This method that has been dubbed “Lucy’s model,” named after the person who developed it in December 2015. It was approved by the National Assembly of Kenya in 2016 for use by the Commission for Revenue Allocation to distribute funds from the national government to county governments. The paper compares the allocations arrived at by both Lucy’s Model and the Alkire-Foster method in terms of equality of means, variances, correlations and other statistical tests of significance in differences between datasets.
- ItemBuilding societal innovation capacity through challenge-driven education(Strathmore University, 2019-09-03) Vasell, JesperThe presentation will focus on a practitioner’s view of how innovation capacity is developed at the individual, institutional and societal level. We will discuss the importance of building societal innovation capacity to build competitiveness and as a means to achieve sustainable development. Particular emphasis will be placed on the role of universities in building societal innovation capacity through research and education.
- ItemDetecting rogue DHCP and man-in-the-middle controllers in local area networks(Strathmore University, 2019-08-27) Dr Ozianyi, VitalisComputer Local Area Networks (LAN) provide the point of attachment for end users of network services. Users connect various devices, like desktop computers, laptops, smartphones and TVs to fixed Ethernet or Wireless LAN (WLAN) networks. The dependence on LAN for connecting to the Internet creates a potential avenue for attackers to exploit vulnerabilities in the protocols used by these networks and their support systems, like Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), to target the users. Because these networks are designed to be used by communities of trusted users, there are few options for identifying and blocking dangerous and rogue users. Hence, legitimate users are exposed to social engineering and other attacks when using these networks. Rogue DHCP servers and Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) controllers can be installed in both LAN and WLAN environments and be used to direct users to rogue Domain Naming System (DNS) servers. Victims of these attacks may be sent to falsified websites when they request services that require name resolution by DNS. In this paper, we propose mechanisms for detecting rogue DHCP servers and MITM controllers in LAN and WLAN environments. The proposed solution exploits the use of broadcast messages by attackers, who ironically exploit the broadcast nature of target protocols used by DHCP and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). We propose a solution that limits the effectiveness of these attacks.