SU Staff Theses & Dissertations

Permanent URI for this collection

http://hdl.handle.net/11071/3877

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 34

Oval slides in triangular spaces? Anchoring national human rights institutions in ‘tripartite’ Commonwealth Africa
(University of Pretoria, 2006) Ambani, John Osogo
"Montesquieu, in L'Esprit des Lois, 1748, divided the functions of state into: the legislative power, the executive power, and the power of judging. Indeed, three constitutional organs have invariably dominated state power. These are: the executive, the leigslative and the judiciary. According to Montesquieu, the state is said to be at 'equilibrium' when the three organs are independent of each other, with each carrying out its functions without interference. Ideally, the legislative organ ought to make laws, the executive to implement them, and the judiciary to adjudicate over disputes arising out of the day-to-day operations of the state. This attempt at dispersing state power is not arbitrary. It has got ends. One cardinal end in this regrad is the protection of fundamental human rights. It has been argued that where the three organs of state are allowed operatational autonomy, individuals stand to enjoy relatively profound liberty. Where state functions are entrusted with one person or organ, the tyranny of that person or organ is certain to overwhelm the realisation of fundamental freedoms and liberties. ... Both Montesquieu and Lock had tremendous faith in the tripartite government structure in so far as the protection of liberties was concerned. Informed by this philosophy, most democratic constitutions have weaved state power in almost similar terms envisioned by Montesquieu. Thus far, the 1787 Constitution of the United States of America (USA) could be ranked as one with the clearest distinction of state functions. Contemporary practice, however, appears to be in favour of complementing these traditional state organs, a sign, perhaps, that the conventional three organs of state per se have increasingly proved inadequate; at least in the sphere of human rights protection. There is a move, or rather, wave towards the establishment of independent national human rights institutions (NHRIs) to reinforce the bulwark of human rights protection mechanisms at state level, and the wave, arguably, is most pronounced in Africa. ... The current investigation will be completed in four distinct chapters. The current chapter serves well to introduce the study. The second chapter constitutes a comprehensive study of the conceptual foundations of national human rights institutions (NHRIs). The essence, structure and nature of NHRIs is also explored. The third chapter proposes to analyse the doctrine of separation of powers from a philosophical and later, from a practical point of view as it manifests itself in the Commonwealth tradition. The tripartite government configuration is discussed with the ramification of NHRIs in mind. It is instructive that without assessing the parent concept (the rule of law) a discussion on separation of powers remains orphaned. The fourth chapter shall first allude to the new challenges to human rights enforcement. It shall then discuss how these challenges and the development of NHRIs cry for a new thinking on the original tripartite system. The final section is an attempt at supplying a panacea to the challenges accentuated by the preceding part."
Introducing derivative exchange: Asia's emerging markets experiences
(Sogang University, 2009) Mugo, Freshia Wangari
What makes some derivatives exchange as well as products successful while others fail is a puzzle that is yet to be fully solved. Some derivatives markets become very successful while others fail to record any significant trading. This dissertation attempts to shed light on introducing successful derivatives exchanges especially in emerging markets which lag far behind developed markets in introducing derivatives instruments. The paper critically analyzes some of the necessary factors (requisites) prior to and after the establishment of derivatives exchange. Indicators that a derivatives market has a high likelihood of being successful when established as discussed include; economic development, political stability, strong legal and regulatory framework, sound infrastructural systems, developed capital markets, products traded, education to market participants, large and active investors as well as a detailed feasibility study. These indicators were analyzed through a comparative case study and were found to clearly distinguish successful and unsuccessful derivatives markets. Further, to determine the success of derivatives products, an empirical analysis on the factors influencing contracts’ success was conducted. Confirming our hypothesis, we found the size of the underlying market, the price variability of the spot market, as well as the cash market liquidity to significantly influence contracts success. In conclusion therefore, prior to introducing a derivatives exchange, an emerging market should first examine whether the indicators of a successful derivatives exchange are favorable and then introduce those products with high probability of being successful.
Use of electronic journals by academic staff at Strathmore University.
(Moi University, 2011) Chibini, Vincent M
Strathmore University subscribes to electronic journals with the aim of providing library users a variety of information resources to use in teaching, learning and research. Library users receive training in the use of e-journals through information literacy and library user training programs. In addition, users have access to computers fully connected to the internet. Despite this, the use of ejournals by lecturers at Strathmore University is below the librarians’ expectations. The researcher was motivated by this to carry out a study to establish why Strathmore University lecturers do not make maximum use of these electronic journals. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of electronic journals by lecturers at Strathmore University; and ascertain the extent to which their information needs were met by these journals. The objectives of the study were to; determine the use of e-journals by lecturers in teaching and research; find out whether lecturers at Strathmore University were aware of the availability of ejournals in their libraries; establish whether the available e-journals were meeting the information needs of lecturers at Strathmore University; find out whether lecturers at Strathmore University had adequate skills to use in accessing ejournals; establish the perception of lecturers at Strathmore University towards electronic journals; establish the level of ICT support infrastructure available at the university; establish the challenges lecturers at Strathmore University encountered in using e-journals; and establish the possible solutions to the challenges faced by lecturers in using e-journals. The study was based on the Horizontal Pyramid Model by Ndubisi and Jantan (2003). The population of the study comprised Strathmore University lecturers. Purposive sampling techniques were used in the study. Data was collected using face to face semi-structured interviews, observation and documentary analysis. It was analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Tables and charts were used to give more detailed presentation and analyses. The study established that most lecturers are aware of the existence of e-journals in the university. The e-journals available meet the information needs of lecturers. Most lecturers at Strathmore University did not have adequate skills to use in accessing e-journals. It was found that lack of skills, low bandwidth, work overload, and publishers' embargos, among others, are some of the challenges lecturers faced in using e-journals. Among the recommendations included the establishment of information literacy programs to train lecturers to access and use e-journals. Libraries should also improve the e-journals' databases’ user interface to eliminate the complexity that exists in various databases
Application of artificial neural networks in time series forecasting
(Strathmore University, 2012) Kandiri, John Mugo
Estimation and prediction of students enrolment in a college provides, besides straightforward profit opportunities, indications to various important data and information for example information on customer fluctuation over period, thus helping in decision making especially in resource allocation. Forecasting the number of students expected to enroll in a college is therefore of prime importance to the management for both tactical and strategic management. This can be based on the available historical data and use of time series prediction. Students' enrolment time series can be predicted with a certain degree of confidence. This is from analyzed data. Future activities can be determined from the past performances. In this project, a short forecast will be used. This is because a shorter forecast gives a more accurate result with a higher degree of confidence. So far, the primary means of detecting trends and patterns has involved statistical methods such as statistical clustering and regression analysis. The mathematical models associated with these methods for economical forecasting, however, are linear and may fail to forecast the turning points in economic cycles because in many cases the data they model maybe highly nonlinear. In the contemporary generation in computing, new methodologies, including neural networks, knowledge-based systems and genetic algorithms, has attracted attention for analysis of trends and patterns. In particular, neural networks are being used extensively for financial forecasting with stockmarkets, foreign exchange trading, and commodity future trading and bond yields. Stockmarket prediction is an area of financial forecasting which attracts a great deal of attention This research paper therefore presents a scheme for time series forecasting with a neural network. To help evaluate the performance of the Neural Net, a benchmark Autoregression model will be developed using regression analysis. A statistical package SPSS will be used to come up with the model. A theoretical comparison of the methods (ANN and autoRegression) is provided in the conclusion.
Simplifying the Markov chain analysis of rainfall data using gensat
(Strathmore University, 2012) Ong'ala, Jacob Otieno
Despite the rapid development of statistical packages, a lot of climatic data still remain unanalyzed due to lack of specialized routines in most of the packages. One package has a climatic menu though with limitation on complex analysis such as generalized linear models. Others can perform the Generalized Linear Model analysis but do not have a specialized menu for analyzing climatic data. There is no statistical package currently available which has a specialized capability to do climatic analysis easily and includes the use of generalized linear models. This study starts the work of creating a specialized menu in GenStat for analyzing climatic data by implementing Markov modeling of rainfall data. Four procedures have been written and corresponding dialogues were created to ease their use. Incorporating a climatic menu into GenStat package will support researchers in agricultural and many other fields that need an analysis of climatic data as part of their work.
An Analysis of the extent to which the Kenya basic education Act (2013) provides for parental choice to homeschool: the primary and central role of parents as educators.
(Strathmore University, 2018) Gathure, Thomas Mundia
Education in Kenya has witnessed a shift in ownership and management in the last 100 years. It has shifted from parents and community in the pre-colonial period to foreign missionaries and now to the State. While the State assumes a more primary and central role in the control of education, a new problem arises regarding choice and freedoms for other stakeholders. The recent enactment of the Kenya Basic Education Act, 2013 following the promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 has presented one such scenario in the primary and central role of the State in education as compared to that of parents. The Act fails to recognise a legitimate and credible option of education - homeschooling - while at the same time criminalising the failure to take children to the prescribed schools in the Act. This raises questions as to the philosophical foundation underpinning the Act that could be contributing to this position. Due to the study’s philosophical focus on understanding meanings and beliefs as well as the nature of the research questions, a qualitative research approach (a desk review supported by questionnaires and interviews) was selected. The research questions, measurable indicators and research findings were defined and interpreted in light of the philosophy of Jacques Maritain (an influential philosopher of education and participant of the drafting of the United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights).The research findings confirmed the effects of a limited philosophical foundation of the Act in its understanding of education, the place where education takes place, disproportionate roles vested on the State as compared to other stakeholders as well as the limited reflection of freedoms enshrined in the Constitution that support homeschooling. The study recommends a total overhaul of the philosophical foundation in which the Act is based to ensure any amendments are well guided and contextualised. Formulators of the Act could benefit from further study to understand the nature of homeschooling and ways to accommodate and support it for parents who choose it.
Factors influencing choice of urban transport alternatives by residents of Buru Buru Estate in Nairobi County
(Strathmore University, 2020) Kariuki, Wambui
Transport in urban areas is an important and necessary component of a nation’s development. The various forms of transportation are broadly categorised globally as either Non- Motorised Transport (NMT) or Motorised Transport (MT). At the core of this study is the examination of the factors that influence the choice of urban transport alternatives by residents of Buru Buru Estate in Nairobi County, Kenya. In doing so, three broad categories of variables have been identified, which are the income and demographic attributes of the users, and the transportation attributes; either accessibility, time factor, financial cost and safety. In this examination, the preferences and attributes of the transport users and the relationship between these variables and the choices they make will be explored through the application of the Utility Theory (UT). This theory, explains the behaviour of choice selection among users of transport modes in Buru Buru Estate. The research was conducted through quantitative means. Buru Buru as a sample was ideal, as it has access to all the available transport alternatives including; e- hailing services, matatus, train service, motorcycles, regular taxis as well as being within 8 kms walking distance of the Central Business District. The findings reveal that demographic characteristics of the transport user have a significant impact on the transport choices that they make. These include, gender, age, education level and income which seem to have the most significant impact. The marginal effects for the income band of the resident were significant for choice of private and e-hailing transport alternatives, whereas income was non-significant in influencing the choice of the public transport. Additionally, commuter times and financial costs were found to be important factors amongst respondents across the various demographics. The main recommendations drawn from the data includes policies on: increasing public transport alternatives such as BRT; improved existing train infrastructure, light rail; improved NMT infrastructure; reduction of personal car use; nationalisation of transport; price controls and payment digitisation of public transport. Moreover, there was also a need to carry out larger scale studies with various demographics, taking into account the transport attributes and the demographic characteristics of various populations across Kenya. It also found that there is an increasing need to enforce existing policies as public transport was the most used and most preferred mode of transport.
An Integrated access control security system model for institutions of higher learning
Mayieka, Jared Maranga
Defining an Access Control security system service for any organization’s application requires the choice of the access control security model and process for the formulation of access decision rules to be used by the access enforcement mechanism that can be implemented in such organizations. The lack of an integrated access control security system model to provide framework for the development of an access control system for universities has presented enormous challenges to the universities in Kenya. The universities need to monitor, authenticate and verify people entering into and utilizing their resources. Additionally, there is a challenge of integrating different systems and departments thereby leaving a gap in the administration process. There is therefore need to provide a model that would help in providing the benchmark for developing access control systems to integrate different systems and departments in the institutions. Such benchmarks can be guided by technology such as smart cards, rules and policy definition among others. This research aims at designing a policy driven access control model (PD-ACM) that can be used in both developing the access control model and formulating the access decision rules adopted by institutions of higher learning in Kenya to develop their access control systems more specifically for their physical access control. In summary, this thesis aims at developing an integrated access control security system model for universities in Kenya and this process will be guided be Activity, System and Set theories. It is important for institutions to adopt a specific model to guide their access control security system development process so as to be able to effectively, efficiently and reliably monitor, authenticate and authorize all those accessing their facilities and resources.
Hybrid based modelling and derivative pricing in the UK electricity market
Mutinda , Mary Wanza
This paper presents an empirical analysis of a hybrid model for capturing the dynamics of the spot prices of electricity, and contingent claims thereof. The dynamics of the spot price process are captured as a sum of a deterministic price-demand transform and an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic component. From the tests on stability of parameters and recovery of the price process for in-sample and out-of-sample data, the model is shown to perform well. Closed form formulas for forward contracts are also presented using the market price of risk arguments. The parameter for market price of risk, ? , is estimated based on the convergence assumption i.e. the forward prices converge to the spot price experienced for the given future time. The estimated ? however fails the stability test indicating statistically significant changes in the value over time. In particular ? shifts from the expected negative value in seasons of high demand and variability (winter and summer) to indicate a value attached by the market for holding the forward contract; to positive values in low demand and variability seasons (spring and autumn) to indicate an net cost for holding the forward contract given the difficulty in storability of electricity relative to the almost assured production to meet demand. A discussion is also presented on the model performance as compared with other models defined for the UK market.
Harnessing information and communication technology for information access and use amongst farmers in Lower Yatta district, Kenya
Musangi, Peninnah Syombua;
Kenya relies heavily on agriculture for economic growth, and for this to be realized, information is one of the key ingredients for improved agricultural production. Farming is mainly practiced in the rural areas. Information requirements of rural farmers are varied, and complex. The information delivery mechanisms in place do not take into account the characteristics of the rural farmer. Lack of proper information infrastructure also affects information delivery. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the use of ICTs in the access and use of information by rural farmers in Lower Yatta District of Kitui, Kenya and recommend a suitable model for optimizing ICT use in information provision. The objectives of the study were to identify the information needs of the farmers, examining channels of communication and sources of information, map and audit types of ICTs available, identify the legal frameworks in place in support of information access and determine the challenges faced by farmers when accessing and using ICTs. The study was informed by Info-mobilization theory with regard to information systems and their application in communities, Wilson’s general model of information behaviour as it relates to information use and users and Information innovation adoption model with regard to ICT adoption by farmers. Cluster sampling was used to divide the district into locations, and then purposive sampling was used to get respondents from each location. The field study was conducted among 51 rural farmers and 9 key informants in the district. The study employed a qualitative research method using survey research paradigm, which focused on understanding and interpreting the utilization of ICTs in accessing information by rural farmers in Lower Yatta District. Interviews were conducted using semi-structured interview schedules supplemented by observation and document review methods. The data collected were analyzed through content analysis and interpretation techniques after the initial editing; coding, classification and tabulation. Amongst other findings, the results indicate firstly, that there is information provision through ICTs on agricultural activities, but farmers rarely access and use the information. Secondly, the information provided is not localized to the meet the community’s needs. Thirdly, that most farmers mostly used the conventional ICTs compared to the emerging ICTs. The study recommends that farmers to be advised on how to access agricultural information and shown the importance of applying the information in the agricultural practice, and policy makers should put in place policies and develop information systems which will ensure that information provided is relevant to the community. The government should intervene and facilitate the improvement of ICT infrastructure in the District through low-cost and high quality connections. The study also proposed a model for optimizing information access and use through ICTs.
A cross-sectional analysis of the factors influencing company listings on the Nairobi Securities Exchange
Kiboi , Teresa Wanjiku; Waweru, Freshia Mugo (Dr.)
This was a cross-sectional study of the specific factors influencing company listings based on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). The study sought to establish what factors affect those companies which have met the threshold listing requirements but have not opted to publicly list on the exchange. Non listed companies were used as suggested by prior research to determine what has hindered their being listed as well as what would motivate them to consider listing on the stock market with regard to the benefits that accrue to listing. Data was collected based on two sample groups of companies: listed and non-listed using the companies’ prospectuses of the listed companies and a questionnaire for the non-listed companies. Basic descriptive statistics were used to describe the empirical data, inferential statistics and multiple regression analyses were used for analysis. From among the listed companies the most influential factor considered in the listing decision was the political environment which was characterised by a change in political regime. The effect cited by the respondents was the (de) regulation of the industries in which the companies were operating in thus making expansion possible and consequently use of the capital market to raise funds. Additional factors which had not been considered in the literature which emerged among these companies were the market automation which considered to have made the market more efficient and thus more attractive. With reference to the non-listed companies, the most influential factor was the listing requirements considered under the legal and regulatory framework. The respondents expressed the view that these were too stringent. The other relatively more influential factor was the political environment which was also highly considered by the respondents. However, there were four issues that emerged that had been previously covered scantily. These factors were determined as the more influential factors by the respondents with reference to their not being listed. The emerging issues were company or organization structure, public scrutiny, dilution of ownership and a lack of necessity to raise long term funds. Ironically, the most motivating benefit was access to a wide capital base, drawing the conclusion that when a company is in need of heavy capital financing they would highly consider use of the capital market. Despite these benefits the study found that there is a need to lower listing and maintenance costs and for the NSE to broaden the scope of their products.
Kenya capital market integration
Mutinda , Mary Wanza
The application of ordinary differential operators to the study of the classical orthogonal polynomials
Onyango, Vitalis
A Thesis submitted to the University of Dundee in application for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
Use of generating functions in HIV/AIDS transmission models
Mbogo, Rachel Waema; OTTIENO, J. A.M. Prof.
This study is concerned with the mathematical modeling for human immunodeficient virus (HIV) transmission epidemics. The mathematical models are specified by stochastic differential equations. The differential equations are solved by use of Generating Functions (GF).In the process of literature review, a conceptual framework is drawn which summarizes the literature on HIV/ AIDS transmission epidemic models. Models based on Mother to child transmission (MTCT) (age group 0-5 years), Heterosexual transmission (age group 15 and more years) and combined case (incorporating all groups and the two modes of transmission) are developed and the expectations and variances of Susceptible (S) persons, Infected (I) persons and AIDS cases found. It is shown from the combined model that MTCT and Heterosexual models are special cases of the combined model.General aspects of modeling HIV/ AIDS are described in chapter 1, Chapter 2 focuses on the literature review. MTCT model is formulated in chapter 3. Heterosexual model is developed in chapter 4, Chapter 5 focuses on the development of the Combined model. Chapter 6 concludes the study.
The growth of Islam among the Mijikenda of the Kenya coast, 1826-1933
Sperling, David
The Mijikenda peoples of the Kenya coast have been in contact with Muslims at least since the 17th century. The first Mijikenda conversions to Islam occurred in the 18th century through the influence of neighbouring Swahili peoples. Early Mijikenda converts migrated to Swahili towns, thereby establishing a pattern of urban islamization that kept Islam from spreading among the Mijikenda. Beginning in the 1830s, the East Mrican economy expanded, and Muslim commercial activity in the coastal hinterland increased. The migration of Muslims to settle near Mijikenda villages led to closer relations between Muslims and Mijikenda. By the middle of the 19th century, the cultural influence of Islam was evident among the Mijikenda, but few Mijikenda had become Muslim. This was due as much to an absence of proselytising by Muslims as to the strength and integrity of Mijikenda society. Differing Mijikenda settlement patterns north and south of Mombasa influenced the way Islam spread. North of Mombasa, Mijikenda Muslim converts continued to immigrate to towns and or to separate Mijikenda Muslim villages. South of Mombasa, beginning in the 1850s, Digo Mijikenda converts remained resident in their home villages, while centring their social and religious life as Muslims in town. Under the continuing influence of Swahili and other Muslims, including immigrants to Digo villages, Islam slowly gathered strength among the Digo. By the end of the 19th century, the Digo had already built several mosques, and educated Digo Muslims were teaching and actively proselytising among their fellow Digo. Colonial rule brought changes that affected the growth of Islam among the Mijikenda. Legal rulings in favour of Islamic law strengthened Islam, which eventually emerged as the majority religion among the Digo south of Mombasa. The economic decline of Muslim towns and villages weakened Islam north of Mombasa, where only a minority of Mijikenda became Muslim.
Securing Land Rights in Community Forests: Assessment of Article 63(2)(d) of the Constitution
(University of Nairobi, ) Kariuki, Francis Kamau; Kameri-Mbote, Patricia (Prof.)
Forests provide environmental, socio-cultural and economic benefits to mankind. They are particularly important to forest dwellers and hunter-gatherers as they derive their livelihoods from there and consider them as their ancestral lands. Section 3 of the Forests Act 2005 defines forest communities as groups of persons who have a traditional association with a forest for purposes of livelihood, culture or religion or who have been registered as an association or other organisation in forest conservation. Access to forests by these communities has, however, been restricted by government policies inherited from the colonial powers, which were largely preservationist. Moreover, competing land uses over forest lands for human settlement, farming, industrial development, livelihood support for the forest dwellers, as carbon sinks and water catchment areas, is a major source of conflicts. This has impacted negatively on forest communities who traditionally had rights of access and control of forests which existed even if land belonged to a different legal entity. There have been efforts by government towards recognizing the rights of forest communities in Kenya. These efforts culminated in the adoption of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 which in Article 61(2), recognizes community land. Community land is defined in Article 63(2)(d) to include land lawfully held, managed or used by specific communities as community forests, grazing areas or shrines; ancestral lands and lands traditionally occupied by hunter-gatherer communities or lawfully held as trust land by the county governments. This is an important development in securing the land rights of forest communities and access to forest and forest products. By reviewing relevant literature, laws and policies, this study sought to examine the treatment that such lands have received under formal laws in Kenya and the implications of protecting community land for forest communities in the Constitution 2010. It also sought to come up with proposals and recommendations on how to improve the laws to ensure adequate protection of the land rights of forest communities in Kenya. This is important because the multiple uses to which forests can be put into present a challenge in coming up with an appropriate tenure arrangement that secures competing interests, including those of forest communities. The methodological approach adopted in this study was a review of relevant literature on land and forests in Kenya. The qualitative data gathered was critically analyzed and evaluated in the context of the research objectives.
Integrating customary and statutory law systems of water governance for sustainable development: the case of the Marakwet of Kenya
Gachenga, Elizabeth
This research investigates the disconnect between customary and statutory law systems in legal frameworks for water governance and whether the integration of these systems would result in positive outcomes for sustainable development. A novel approach to the investigation is adopted, which seeks the root of the problem in the conceptual and theoretical framework within which water law is developed. By proposing a broader normative base, this research seeks to contribute to the search for more comprehensive solutions to the problem of recognition of customary law systems. Given the centrality of water to sustainable development, this research has significant implications not only on the development of water governance frameworks and the design of the property rights regimes in these frameworks but also on the capacity of the legal systems to achieve sustainable development. An analysis of 17th century common law jurisprudence identifies the legal theories and concepts that form the basis of contemporary legal frameworks for water governance in common law jurisdictions. Consequently, this thesis investigates the legal positivism developed in the period and its notion of law and customary law as well as the property theory and its conception of property rights regimes. The effect of these theories and concepts on the integration of customary and statutory law systems in water governance frameworks is explored. Based on existing literature, the nature and features of customary law systems are investigated and used to determine if a customary law system for water governance exists in the case of the Marakwet. This thesis proposes an analytical framework for investigating the normative aspect of customary law systems and identifying principles indicating the likelihood of positive outcomes of sustainable development. This framework is applied to Marakwet’s customary water governance system. The analysis of Marakwet’s system in the context of Kenya’s water law confirms the limits set by legal positivism and property theory on the capacity of the law to accommodate customary law systems for water governance. An exploration of the human right to water and the right of indigenous peoples’ to selfgovernance using customary law systems, demonstrates the potential of using the human rights-based approach to integrate customary law systems of governing water into the statutory framework. The research also proposes the exploration of classical legal theory as an alternative theoretical framework for transcending the limits set by legal positivism.
New service development: strategy and process in the hospitality sector in Kenya
Oduori, Fredrick Nyongesa; Herbst, Frikkie J.
This paper addresses the issue of new service development (NSD) process in the hospitality sector. While it is recognized that there are significant differences between service sectors, much less has been written about differences between separate services, with most studies concentrating on financial services. The aim of the study is to investigate to what to what extent findings in the financial services sector are applicable to the hospitality service sector and whether NSD is significantly different for “high contact” services as opposed to “low-contact” services. Utilizing a survey of industry managers in Kenya data will be collected in the areas of NSD strategy and process. This paper tries to fill this gap by integrating the empirical findings from both quantitative and qualitative data. The study will employ a cross-sectional, survey based methodology and qualitative case studies. The Kenyan sampling frame will include classified hotels.
Benefits of non-formal education to jua kali artisans: a study of the Informal Sector Business Institute (ISBI), Nairobi, kenya.
Momanyi, Christopher; Gravenir, Fredrick
At independence, Kenyan education was based on racial segregation, in this arrangement; Africans received an inferior form of education, which was elementary and later were trained as masons, carpenters and armature architects. The Ominde commission saw the need to reform education so that it would become a means of establishing social equity (Rharade, 1997) and training the highly skilled staff that Kenya needed. The manpower needs approach reached its climax in the 1970s. The Gachathi Report (Republic of Kenya, 1976) recommended vocationalisation of education at secondary school level. Since the introduction of the 8-4-4 system of education in 1985, the education system has increasingly turned out large number of school leavers at all levels. Many of these graduates are not able to obtain gainful employment in the formal sector and thus end up in the informal sector. Recent policy initiatives have focused on the attainment of Universal Primary Education (UPE) and the key concerns of access, equity, quality and relevance. This has come under scrutiny in the light of the fact that there has been a drastic decline in enrollment particularly at the primary school level. This situation has improved after the introduction of free primary education. Increased attention to UPE has come in the wake of the Jomtein World Conference (1990) on Education For All (EFA) to whose resolutions Kenya is signatory. The recent implementation of free primary education is an effort by the government to attain UPE and the final attainment of EFA. The EFA strategies include the establishment of a policy on the re-entry of school-age mothers into the education system and the establishment of a non-formal education unit in the Ministry of Education Science and Technology. The data collected for the study was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data. Qualitative data was analyzed by coding categories, which were organized according to particular research questions. The researcher then evaluated the information collected with a view to establishing its usefulness and answered the research questions thus enabling the researcher make recommendations based on the findings. This study investigated how and to what extent non-formal education provided by the Informal Sector Business Institute (ISBI) benefits the Jua Kali artisans in business development services in Makadara area of Nairobi. The researcher came up with recommendations that may improve this initiative. Using a Z-test statistic, it was found that those artisans who had undergone the ISBI training had a significantly higher percentage of artisans who had business plans, kept business records and practiced business ethics than those artisans who had not undergone the ISBI training. Business skills and Information Technology should be incorporated into training programmes meant for the informal sector. Entrepreneurial skills should be taught at all levels of education and the government should fund NFE programmes especially those meant for the informal sector. A linkage should be established between the informal sector and the formal education system.
Test publication
Simwenyi, Bernard Shiundu

Browse

Browsing SU Staff Theses & Dissertations by Issue Date

Results Per Page

Sort Options