Integrating biosecurity into Kenyan biosafety legislation: a path towards a comprehensive one health legal framework

Abstract

The integration of biosecurity into Kenya’s Biosafety Act is a critical yet overlooked dimension in addressing biological risks that threaten human, animal, and environmental health. The current Biosafety Act primarily focuses on regulating genetically modified organisms and lacks a robust biosecurity framework, leaving gaps in the prevention, control, and response to emerging biological threats. This research arises from the necessity to align Kenyan legislation with regional and international standards, particularly the Africa CDC’s Biosafety and Biosecurity framework, which emphasises a One Health approach. This study analyses the Biosafety Act in comparison to the Africa CDC’s framework to identify gaps and propose amendments that incorporate biosecurity measures. Using a conceptual framework based on the concept of security, the research explores how biosecurity can enhance preparedness and resilience in preventing biological threats. The methodology includes a qualitative analysis of legislative texts and comparative studies of international frameworks. The research aims to deliver actionable recommendations to integrate biosecurity into Kenya’s legal framework, enhancing its threat response and prevention to meet international obligations and protect public health. The study highlights the necessity of harmonizing security principles with legal frameworks to establish a comprehensive and sustainable biosafety and biosecurity system.