Effects of Green Supply Chain Management practices on sustainability performance of airlines companies in Kenya

Abstract

The aviation industry plays a vital role in global connectivity, economic development, and environmental sustainability. Responding to growing environmental challenges, Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has emerged as a strategic approach to improving sustainability performance within the sector. This study examined the effects of GSCM practices (green purchasing, green manufacturing, green distribution, and green marketing) on the sustainability performance of airline companies in Kenya. The research was grounded in stakeholder theory and the resource-based view, which informed the analysis of how stakeholder expectations and unique organizational resources shape the adoption and effectiveness of GSCM practices. Descriptive survey design was employed, targeting all 49 airlines registered under the Kenya Civil Aviation Authority. From this population, a census of 98 officers in operations, procurement, and environmental management was conducted to ensure robust sector-wide representation. Data was collected through structured questionnaires. Quantitative data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression, selected for its ability to assess the simultaneous impact of several independent variables (the different GSCM practices) on the dependent variable (sustainability performance) and to control for potential confounding factors, thereby yielding reliable, generalizable results. The findings reveal that GSCM practices collectively exert a significant positive effect on the sustainability performance of Kenyan airlines. Among these, green manufacturing emerged as the most influential driver, underscoring the importance of adopting eco-friendly production technologies and resource optimization. Green purchasing and green marketing also showed substantial positive contributions, highlighting the value of environmentally conscious procurement and effective communication of sustainability initiatives. In contrast, green distribution, although present, exhibited a limited effect on sustainability outcomes, indicating potential gaps in logistics infrastructure or the need for further investment in green distribution technologies. Based on these insights, the study recommends the development of comprehensive regulatory frameworks to promote and enforce GSCM adoption, increased investment in green technologies, and strengthened collaboration with supply chain partners to ensure consistency in sustainability practices. The research further suggests that airlines should explore innovative solutions to enhance green distribution and calls for longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impact of GSCM on sustainability performance. These recommendations provide actionable guidance for airline managers, policymakers, and researchers committed to advancing environmental sustainability within Kenya’s aviation sector.