Toward a Carbon-free future: Kenya’s leadership in renewable energy

Abstract

The shift to a carbon-free future has become a global priority, with growing focus on integrating renewable energy into national systems to meet increasing demand sustainably. This study examines Kenya’s progress in adopting renewable energy and reducing fossil fuels in electricity generation. By 2020, more than 90% of Kenya’s electricity came from renewables such as geothermal, hydropower, wind, and solar. Geothermal is the largest due to Rift Valley resources. Using a mixed-methods approach, this policy brief covers policies and initiatives that support the sector. Key findings highlight the need for progressive laws, targeted investments, and research and development to advance Kenya’s renewable energy. The progress could serve as a model for other developing countries. Achieving the 2030 goal of 100% renewable energy requires an investment plan covering clean energy, grid upgrades, demand stimulation, and public engagement. With these efforts, Kenya can maintain economic growth while achieving global sustainability goals. Keywords: Energy transition, decarbonization, renewable energy, energy policy, sustainability, development, net-zero.