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[ISSN 2519-5883]
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Recent Submissions

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The Influence of organizational culture and values in financial crimes prevention among technological multinational organizations in Kenya
(Strathmore University, 2024) Wambura, J. C.
The unique cultural and regulatory obstacles that multinational technology businesses operating in Kenya encounter may have an impact on their vulnerability to financial crimes. Comprehending these distinct elements may facilitate the creation of more potent preventative measures. This study examined the influence of corporate culture and values on financial crime prevention in technology multinational organizations (TMOs) in Kenya. The specific objectives were: firstly, to determine the influence of organizational culture and values on financial crime prevention in technology multinational companies; secondly, to determine how dominant company values and culture influence financial crime prevention amongst those technology multinational companies; thirdly, to determine how the predominant culture of the TMO can be promoted amongst the workforce to assist financial crime prevention within the technology multinational companies and fourthly, to assess the moderating effect of corporate governance on the relationship between corporate culture, values and financial crime prevention. The study was supported by three theories: Compliance Theory, Rational Choice Theory, and the Theory of Convenience. The study employed a descriptive research design where the target population was made up of employees from across the three TMOs (Google, Microsoft, and Oracle) operating in Kenya. The study employed the purposive sampling technique to select 18 participants as the sample size. Qualitative data was collected through interview protocol, with the data being collected in January 2024. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The study’s findings showed that corporate culture and corporate values influenced financial crime prevention at TMOs operating in Kenya. Also, corporate governance had a moderating effect on the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Financial crime prevention is positively impacted by a number of elements of corporate culture, which entails giving employees a voice, long-term vision, raising the level of communication transparency, social responsibility and corporate values such as maintaining high ethical standards. The study's results inform the development of best practices and policies for financial crime prevention in technology multinational firms in Kenya and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of existing policies and regulations in the country.
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Determinants of occupational fraud occurrence in manufacturing companies in Kenya: moderated by macroeconomic factors
(Strathmore University, 2024) Oguya, J. A.
Fraud is a global issue that is pervasive in the manufacturing business. This is despite the fact that the manufacturing industry is critical for any country's economic development because it generates a significant portion of the world's GDP. The goal of this study was to establish the determinants of occupational fraud occurrence in manufacturing companies in Kenya, moderated by macroeconomic factors. The study's specific objectives were to assess the effect of employee attributes on occupational fraud occurrence in manufacturing companies in Kenya; to investigate the effect of firm attributes on occupational fraud occurrence in manufacturing companies in Kenya; to examine the effect of CEO attributes on occupational fraud occurrence in manufacturing companies in Kenya; and finally, to assess the moderating effect of macroeconomic factors on determinants of occupational fraud occurrence in manufacturing companies in Kenya. The study was based on the fraud diamond theory and rational choice theory, all of which describe the three key reasons why individuals commit fraud: pressure, opportunity, and rationalization. In the technique concentrating on positivist philosophy, an explanatory research design method was used. The research population was acquired using probability sampling. The target population consists of 1328 manufacturing enterprises that have registered with the Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM). The study used stratified random sampling. To capture the whole sample and collect thorough data, semi-structured questionnaires were delivered to employees via business level survey (enterprise survey). Descriptive statistics were used, as well as component analysis to decrease variables and ordinal regression analysis. The research may be useful to managers in Kenya's manufacturing industry. The study found that employees in financial or procurement roles have increased opportunities to manipulate transactions for personal gain due to their specialized roles and that companies with sound governance structures are better positioned to detect and prevent fraud through effective oversight. In addition, the study found that aligning CEO incentives with the company's long-term success rather than short-term financial gains the temptation for fraudulent activities. The study found that at 5% level of significance and 95% level of confidence, employee attributes, firm attribute, and CEO attributes were significant on occupational fraud occurrence. Finally, the study concluded that macro-economic were significant on moderating on determinants of occupational fraud occurrence in manufacturing companies in Kenya. Keywords: occupational fraud, manufacturing sector in Kenya, macroeconomic factors
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Internal factors influencing internationalization of export processing zone’ Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya
(Strathmore University, 2024) Kipchirchir, C.
Internationalization of SMEs is now widely acknowledged as a key economic factor in any country’s national economic development. It is in this vein that SMEs in Kenya have resorted to internationalizing to find opportunities for expansion and development. Therefore, this research determined the internal factors influencing the internationalization of EPZ SMEs in Kenya. The specific objectives included assessing the influence of network resources on the internationalization of EPZ SMEs in Kenya; examining the influence of financial resources on the internationalization of EPZ SMEs in Kenya; analyzing the influence of human resources on the internationalization of EPZ SMEs in Kenya; and to assess the joint effects of network, financial, and human resources on the internationalization of EPZ SMEs in Kenya. The study used internationalization and network theories. The study used a cross-sectional descriptive survey research design. Further, this study was also premised on positivist research philosophy. The target population was all the 153 SMEs registered with EPZ. Further, data was collected using a self administered closed-ended questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression analysis were used as data analysis methods. The study found that network resources, financial resources, and human resources had a positive significant relationship with the internationalization of EPZ SMEs in Kenya. Regarding network resources, the research concluded that firms had competitive strategies and adopted modern technology that gave them a competitive edge against rivals thus promoting sales of products and services into the global market. On financial resources, it concludes that possession of adequate financial resources because of multiple funding sources promoted the internationalization of business. Concerning human resources, the study concluded that the SMEs had adequate human resources with experience in internationalization. However, the firms did not provide regular training and education including workshops and seminars to employees to sharpen their skills and knowledge. The research recommends that all EPZ SMEs should improve their human resource department policies on employee personal development through regular on-the-job training and education. The study recommends that the SMEs should seek multiple financial support from various sources. By having multiple financial sources, they will be able to enhance their penetration into the global markets. Key words: Internationalization, Network Resources, Financial, Human Resources
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Effects of dynamic capabilities on performance of travel firms in Nairobi County
(Strathmore University, 2024) Kufwafwa, A. M.
Over the recent past, the global business environment has been marked by intense competition and dynamism, with businesses being compelled to adapt and realign their resources as well as capabilities in order to attain superior performance. In Kenya, the travel industry within the tourism sector has been subject to instability, rapid technological shifts and changing consumer preferences. Consequently, in spite of heavy investment in marketing capabilities, travel firms have continued to face dismal performance. It was therefore important for the travel firms to develop and maximize on dynamic capabilities so as to attain superior performance in the wake of such environmental dynamism. This study examined the effects of dynamic capabilities on the performance of small and medium-sized travel firms in Nairobi County, with the moderating effects of firm characteristics. The study was anchored on the Resource-Based View and the Dynamic Capabilities Approach. This study utilized judgement sampling where primary data was collected through self-administered questionnaires. The research population consisted of 350 tour operators and travel agents, from which a sample size of 129 was under study. The research response rate was approximately 56%, which accounted for 72 out the 129 travel firms in the sample space. Descriptive data was presented using bar graphs and pie charts. Data analysis was done through Spearman’s rho correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The research established that there was a significant positive relationship between dynamic capabilities, namely innovation capabilities, learning capabilities and resource reconfiguration capabilities, and the performance of small and medium-sized travel firms in Nairobi County. The moderating variable of firm characteristics (firm age and firm size) had significant effect on the relationship between dynamic capabilities and firm performance, and therefore moderated the relationship.
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Influence of workforce diversity on employee retention among manufacturing based industries in Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in Kenya
(Strathmore University, 2024) Kerich, V.
The global workplace is rapidly evolving due to technological advancements, economic expansion, and unprecedented events, leading to increased concerns about employee turnover in multinational corporations (MNCs). This study examined the impact of age, gender, and ethnic diversity on employee retention intention within manufacturing-based MNCs in Kenya, aiming to address gaps in existing research and provide insights for enhancing retention strategies. The primary objectives included examining the age diversity's effects on staff retention intention within multinational corporations in Kenya, examining the impact of ethnic diversity on employee retention intention among multinational firms in Kenya, as well as the role of gender diversity on employee retention intention in these corporations. Sample survey research design was the type of research design used. The study's population consisted of 38 manufacturing-based MNCs in Kenya. The research distributed questionnaires and the analysis used descriptive and multiple regression This study was guided by the Reasoned Action Theory and the Social Identity Theory. One hundred and seventy workers were given questionnaires for the survey, and SPSS version 22 was used to do multiple regression analysis. The overall significance of the regression model was determined, as anticipated. Findings revealed positive perceptions of age diversity, with significant correlations between age diversity and retention intention, emphasizing the importance of inclusive practices for retaining employees. Similarly, positive perceptions of gender diversity and its strong correlation with retention intention highlight the need for gender-inclusive policies and decision-making processes. Ethnic diversity also positively influences retention intention, despite challenges related to cultural conflicts and disparities in career opportunities based on ethnicity. Effective diversity management is crucial for enhancing employee retention within multinational corporations in Kenya. Strategies such as ensuring balanced age distribution, promoting gender equality, and addressing cultural conflicts can strengthen retention efforts and contribute to organizational success. The study underscores the importance of fostering inclusive environments that value age, gender, and ethnic diversity for long-term growth and sustainability. Policymakers should develop comprehensive diversity and inclusion programs addressing age and ethnicity disparities, while management should foster gender equality and communication to create inclusive cultures. Continued research on workplace diversity and employee retention is recommended to explore additional insights and strategies for enhancing organizational performance and employee satisfaction.